Fundamentals of Nutrition Ch.9 Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

What does it mean to be overweight?

body weight above a healthy weight; BMI 25-29.9

What does it mean to be underweight?

body weight below a healthy weight; BMI below 18.5

what is adipose tissue?

the body’s fat tissue, consisting of masses of fat-storing cells and blood vessels to nourish them

what is obesity?

excess adiposity associated with increased risks of morality and chronic diseases; a body mass index of 30 or higher

What is body composition?

the proportions of muscle, bone, fat, and other tissue that make up a person’s total body weight

What is body mass index (BMI)?

an indicator of health risk from obesity or underweight in people older than 20 years, calculated by dividing the weight of a person by the square of a person’s weight

In 2013, the American Medical Association recognized obesity as a …..

disease

What are the risks from too much body fat?

arthritis

cancers (breasts, colon, endometrium, and others)

diabetes

heart disease

kidney disease

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease)

stroke

What is adipokines (adipocytokines)?

protein hormones made and released by adipose tissue

adipokines help to regulate _____ processes and energy _________ in body tissues, among other roles

inflammatory; metabolism

In obesity, a shift occurs in adipokines that favors both tissue _______ and insulin _____

inflammation; resistance

the resulting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance often lead to…

diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic diseases

What is visceral fat

fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs; also called intra-abdominal fat or visceral adipose tissue

what is central obesity?

excess fat in the abdomen and around the trunk

visceral fat tissue produces (more/less) inflammatory adipokines than does subcutaneous fat, increasing risk of chronic disease

more

Gynoid obesity is characterized by…

fat accumulation in the gluteal hip thigh regions (subcutaneous fat)

android obesity is characterized by…

fat accumulation in the abdominal area (mostly visceral fat)

What is waist circumference

a measurement of abdominal girth that indicates the degree of visceral fat