Articulations and Synovial Joints: Structure, Types, and Movements

What are articulations also known as?

Joints

How are joints classified functionally?

Based on the degree of movement.

What are the three types of functional classifications of joints?

Synarthroses (immovable), Amphiarthroses (slightly movable), Diarthroses (freely movable).

What is the structural classification of joints based on?

Their structure and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

What are the three types of structural classifications of joints?

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial.

What characterizes synovial joints?

They have a fluid-filled cavity between the articulating bones.

What type of joint is characterized by immovable sutures?

Fibrous joints classified as synarthroses.

What type of joint is held together by hyaline cartilage?

Cartilaginous joints.

What is the most common and complex type of joint?

Synovial joints.

What are the six categories of synovial joints?

Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, Ball-and-socket.

What type of movement do uniaxial joints allow?

Movement in one plane.

What type of movement do biaxial joints allow?

Movement in two planes.

What type of movement do multiaxial joints allow?

Movement in all three planes.

What is the function of synovial fluid?

It fills the joint cavity and lubricates the joint.

What is the role of ligaments in synovial joints?

They connect one bone to another and fortify the joint capsule.

What is the term for the movement that turns the palm down?

Pronation.

What is the term for the movement that brings two bones closer together?

Flexion.

What is the term for the movement that moves a body part away from the midline?

Abduction.

What is the name of the ball-and-socket joint in the shoulder?

Glenohumeral joint.

What ligaments support the shoulder joint?

Acromioclavicular ligament, Coracoacromial ligament, Coracoclavicular ligament.

What type of joint is the elbow?

Hinge joint.

What are the two collateral ligaments of the elbow?

Ulnar collateral ligament and Radial collateral ligament.

What type of joint is the hip?

Ball-and-socket joint.

What ligaments connect the ilium and femur in the hip joint?

Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament.

What are the two collateral ligaments of the knee?

Tibial collateral ligament and Fibular collateral ligament.

What are the two cruciate ligaments in the knee joint?

Anterior cruciate ligament and Posterior cruciate ligament.

What are the C-shaped plates of fibrocartilage in the knee called?

Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus.