A new geopolitical order : Emergence of the developing world

Decolonization

The process by which colonies gain independence from their colonizers, often driven by factors such as pressure from other countries, nationalist movements, and the desire for self-determination.

Creation of Israel and the Arab response

The emergence of Zionism and Arab Nationalism leading to conflicts over the establishment of Israel, with the UN proposing a two-state solution in 1947 that favored the Jews, resulting in the Arab League's non-recognition of Israel.

Arab-Israeli Conflicts/Wars

Series of conflicts including the 1948 Arab-Israeli War where Arab countries declared war on Israel, leading to displacement of Palestinians and the Nakba, followed by the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War.

Mao's China Foreign Policy Phases

Mao Zedong's foreign policy evolution from leaning on the USSR to fighting with both the US and USSR, and eventually adopting a one united front policy, influencing China's international relations from 1949 to 1972.

Tibet Crisis

The invasion of Tibet by the People's Republic of China in 1950, leading to the establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965, with China claiming Tibet as an integral part and suppressing Tibetan culture and religion.

Taiwan Strait Crisis

Mao's government's claim over Taiwan, leading to conflicts with Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Party, resulting in the Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1954 when the People's Liberation Army bombed Kinmen and Matsu islands.

Chiang Kai-shek

Former Chinese leader who aimed to reclaim China with US aid but faced reluctance from the US due to governance issues and policy priorities.

Truman Doctrine

Truman's policy in Asia that initially refrained from action in conflicts between Taipei and Beijing but shifted with the Korean War, leading to increased support for Taiwan.

First Taiwan Strait Crisis

Occurred when the PRC attacked Kinmen and Matsu, prompting the US to refrain from interference beyond specific territories, fearing a war with the Soviet Union.

Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty

Agreement between the US and ROC in 1954, providing some protection to Taiwan's offshore islands without obligating the US to unnecessary actions.

Bandung Conference

1955 meeting of Asian and African states in Indonesia to promote cooperation, oppose colonialism, and lay the groundwork for the Non-Aligned Movement.

Domino Theory

US belief that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would follow, leading to US involvement in Vietnam as a Cold War strategy.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

1964 resolution allowing the US to engage in war without a formal declaration, escalating US involvement in Vietnam.

Operation Rolling Thunder

US air campaign in Vietnam involving carpet bombing to counter communist forces, part of the escalation of US troops in the region.

Tet Offensive

1968 offensive by North Vietnamese forces during the Lunar New Year, considered a moral victory and a turning point in the Vietnam War.

War Powers Act

1973 act passed by Congress to limit the President's power in waging war without approval, a response to the Tonkin Gulf Resolution and the Pentagon Papers.

Rise of peripheral media

Emergence of alternative media sources outside of traditional mainstream channels.

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. policy opposing European interference in the Americas and reserving the right to intervene in case of instability.

Bay of Pigs invasion

Failed U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba in 1961, leading to a shift in geopolitical dynamics in Central and Latin America.

Missile Crisis

Standoff between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over the placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba, nearly escalating to a nuclear war.

Decolonization

Process of formerly colonized countries gaining independence from their colonial rulers.

Bandung Generation

Refers to the leaders of newly independent countries in Asia and Africa who emerged after WWII.

Non-Alignment

Policy of not aligning with any major power bloc during the Cold War, often associated with developing countries.

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. policy opposing European interference in the Americas and reserving the right to intervene in case of instability.

Maoism

Ideology based on the teachings of Mao Zedong, emphasizing peasant revolution and socialist principles.

French 5th Republic

Political system established in France following the Algerian conflict, marked by a strong executive branch.