Human Anatomy Quiz 21: Heart Circuits & Tissue

after birth

When does the heart pump blood into two circuits?

systemic, pulmonary

What are the two circuits that the heart pumps blood into?

most of the body

What does the blood from the systemic circuit serve?

back and forth between lungs and heart

Where does blood from the pulmonary circuit go?

output, input

The ______ of one becomes the _____ of another

oxygen-rich blood, lungs

What kind of blood does the left side of the heart receive? From where?

aorta

What does the left ventricle eject blood into?

aorta

From where does blood enter progressively smaller structures?

progressively smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries

After the left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta, what does the blood enter? Then into? Finally into?

smaller blood vessels that branch from the artery

What are arterioles?

nutrient and gas exchange

What occurs across the thin capillary walls?

across the thin capillary walls

Where does nutrient and gas exchange occur?

unloaded, picked up

What happens to the O2 during nutrient and gas exchange? What happens to the CO2 during nutrient and gas exchange?

tight junctions, intercellular clefts, small molecules

Continuous capillaries has many _____ _______ with spaces called ____________ ________ for passage of ______ _________.

cells

What are the walls of the capillaries made of?

clefts, gaps

What do capillary walls have? (2 things)

systemic venule

After passing through one capillary bed, where does the blood enter?

nutrient and oxygen poor blood

What do venules carry away from tissues?

larger systemic veins, superior or inferior vena cava, right atrium

What do venules merge into? And then? To?

amino acids, glucose, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sodium, protein plasma, waste

What is contained in the red blood cell?

true

True or False: There is a lot of pressure when the blood leaves the heart

oxygenated blood, the rest of the body

What kind of blood do arteries carry? To where?

deoxygenated blood, heart

What kind of blood do the veins carry? To where?

arterial and venous ends

What do capillary beds have?

move blood along the capillary bed

What does hydrostatic pressure do?

no

Does hydrostatic pressure stay high continuously?

it decreases

When the blood in the capillary bed reaches the venous end, what happens to the hydrostatic pressure?

nutrients

What is delivered at the arterial end of the capillary bed?

waste products

What is pulled in at the venous end of the capillary bed?

the ability of a solution to pull water into it

What is osmotic pressure?

venous

At what end of the capillary bed is there osmotic pressure?

carry nutrient and oxygen-poor blood away from tissues

What do venules do?

larger system veins, superior or inferior vena cava, right atrium

What do venules merge into? Then into? To?

pulmonary circuit

What is the right side of the heart a pump for?

pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated

What does blood from the right ventricle flow into? What does this branch into? What kind of blood do these carry?

right and left lung

What do the pulmonary arteries branch to?

pulmonary vein

How does oxygen-rich blood return to the left side of the heart?

oxygen-rich blood

What does the pulmonary vein return to the left side of the heart?

it is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood

Which is unique about the pulmonary vein?

deoxygenated, heart

(most) veins carry ____________ blood to the _____.

oxygenated, heart

Arteries carry ___________ blood to the _____.

trip to the systemic circuit repeats

When the pulmonary vein returns oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart, what happens?

left ventricle, aorta, progressively smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, larger systemic veins, inferior or superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, right and left lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle

Structures that the blood passes through starting and ending with left ventricle:

systemic

Is coronary circulation systemic or pulmonary?

alveoli

Where does gas exchange occur?

blood does not diffuse through the chambers to the heart tissue

Why does the heart tissue need its own supply?

coronary arteries

How is blood supplied to the heart tissue?

ascending aorta, they encircle the heart

What part of the aorta do coronary arteries branch from? Where are they located?

shorter and more branched, usually mononucleated, but may have more than one nuclei in a cell, intercalated discs

Though the muscle fibers that make up the myocardium are similar to that of skeletal muscle, what are some traits that myocardium has that skeletal muscle does not? (3 things)

the ends of the cells to connect to each other, hold the cells together

What do intercalated discs allow for? So they can…

cells to communicate, nerves impulses to spread quickly from cell to cell

What do the channels in the intercalated discs allow for? (2 things)