Studied by 13 peopleafter birth
When does the heart pump blood into two circuits?
systemic, pulmonary
What are the two circuits that the heart pumps blood into?
most of the body
What does the blood from the systemic circuit serve?
back and forth between lungs and heart
Where does blood from the pulmonary circuit go?
output, input
The ______ of one becomes the _____ of another
oxygen-rich blood, lungs
What kind of blood does the left side of the heart receive? From where?
aorta
What does the left ventricle eject blood into?
aorta
From where does blood enter progressively smaller structures?
progressively smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries
After the left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta, what does the blood enter? Then into? Finally into?
smaller blood vessels that branch from the artery
What are arterioles?
nutrient and gas exchange
What occurs across the thin capillary walls?
across the thin capillary walls
Where does nutrient and gas exchange occur?
unloaded, picked up
What happens to the O2 during nutrient and gas exchange? What happens to the CO2 during nutrient and gas exchange?
tight junctions, intercellular clefts, small molecules
Continuous capillaries has many _____ _______ with spaces called ____________ ________ for passage of ______ _________.
cells
What are the walls of the capillaries made of?
clefts, gaps
What do capillary walls have? (2 things)
systemic venule
After passing through one capillary bed, where does the blood enter?
nutrient and oxygen poor blood
What do venules carry away from tissues?
larger systemic veins, superior or inferior vena cava, right atrium
What do venules merge into? And then? To?
amino acids, glucose, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sodium, protein plasma, waste
What is contained in the red blood cell?
true
True or False: There is a lot of pressure when the blood leaves the heart
oxygenated blood, the rest of the body
What kind of blood do arteries carry? To where?
deoxygenated blood, heart
What kind of blood do the veins carry? To where?
arterial and venous ends
What do capillary beds have?
move blood along the capillary bed
What does hydrostatic pressure do?
no
Does hydrostatic pressure stay high continuously?
it decreases
When the blood in the capillary bed reaches the venous end, what happens to the hydrostatic pressure?
nutrients
What is delivered at the arterial end of the capillary bed?
waste products
What is pulled in at the venous end of the capillary bed?
the ability of a solution to pull water into it
What is osmotic pressure?
venous
At what end of the capillary bed is there osmotic pressure?
carry nutrient and oxygen-poor blood away from tissues
What do venules do?
larger system veins, superior or inferior vena cava, right atrium
What do venules merge into? Then into? To?
pulmonary circuit
What is the right side of the heart a pump for?
pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated
What does blood from the right ventricle flow into? What does this branch into? What kind of blood do these carry?
right and left lung
What do the pulmonary arteries branch to?
pulmonary vein
How does oxygen-rich blood return to the left side of the heart?
oxygen-rich blood
What does the pulmonary vein return to the left side of the heart?
it is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood
Which is unique about the pulmonary vein?
deoxygenated, heart
(most) veins carry ____________ blood to the _____.
oxygenated, heart
Arteries carry ___________ blood to the _____.
trip to the systemic circuit repeats
When the pulmonary vein returns oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart, what happens?
left ventricle, aorta, progressively smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, larger systemic veins, inferior or superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, right and left lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle
Structures that the blood passes through starting and ending with left ventricle:
systemic
Is coronary circulation systemic or pulmonary?
alveoli
Where does gas exchange occur?
blood does not diffuse through the chambers to the heart tissue
Why does the heart tissue need its own supply?
coronary arteries
How is blood supplied to the heart tissue?
ascending aorta, they encircle the heart
What part of the aorta do coronary arteries branch from? Where are they located?
shorter and more branched, usually mononucleated, but may have more than one nuclei in a cell, intercalated discs
Though the muscle fibers that make up the myocardium are similar to that of skeletal muscle, what are some traits that myocardium has that skeletal muscle does not? (3 things)
the ends of the cells to connect to each other, hold the cells together
What do intercalated discs allow for? So they can…
cells to communicate, nerves impulses to spread quickly from cell to cell
What do the channels in the intercalated discs allow for? (2 things)
Note
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