Unit 0

Societies in South America

• Incas

• Aztecs

Incas location

Western South America (Chile)

Animism

Belief that parts of the physical world/ living things possess supernatural abilities

What crops did the Inca grow?

Potatoes and Maize

Where were the Aztecs located

South/Central Mexico

Largest city in the Aztec Empire

Tenochtitlan

What crops did the Aztecs typically grow?

Maize, Squash and Beans

Where was the Mississippians located?

Southeast United States, spread along the Mississippi River

What was the Misissippian’s’ largest city?

Cahokia

Matrilineal

Social standing depended on the mother’s side

Which societies followed Matrilineal practices?

The Mississipians and Iroquois

Where were the Iroquois located?

Northeast America (New York, Pennsylvania etc)

What kind of living houses/living arrangements did the Iroquois have?

Longhouses

What kind of environment did the Iroquois live in.

Lakes, trees etc.

5 Nation Confederacy

Governing Council made up of different tribes

Where was the Pueblos located?

Southwest America (Arizona etd)

Three Sister Farming

Farming method used by planting squash and corn together.

What environment did the Pueblos live in?

Deserts/Arid Environment

Adobe Houses

Houses made of “mud brick”

• oftentimes had multiple stories

Great Plains hunted…?

Buffalo

Protestant Reformation

Split between Catholic Church and Protestants

Treaty of Tordesillas

Splits the hemispheres in half between Spain and Portugal

Hernan Cortes

Conquistador that conquered the Aztecs

Francisco Pizarro

Conquistador who conquered the Incas

encomienda system

Labor system in which the Native Americans work for the Spainards, and in return lived on that land.

asiento system

Slave trade system in which colonists had to pay a tax to the Spanish government for each enslaved person they brought

Middle Passage

Voyage across the Atlantic Ocean

Bartolome de Las Casas

Advocate against Native American slavery

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Advocate for Native American Slavery

Valladolid Debate

Debate to abolish Native American Slavery or not

Native American Slavery continues

New Laws of 1542

Abolished Native American slavery but was later repealed

First English Settlements

Plymouth and Jamestown

First Spanish colonies

• Florida

• New Mexico

• Arizona

• Texas

• California

First French Colonies

• Quebec (Near St. Lawrence River)

• Louisiana

• New Orleans

John Cabot

British explorer who came to the New World

Corporate Colonies

Managed by Joint Stock Companies

Proprietary Colonies

Managed by an individual

Royal Colony

Managed by the crown

Who founded Jamestown

Joint Stock Company

John Smith

Led the early Jamestown settlement out of starvation

John Rolfe

introduced tobacco as a cash crop

Pocahontas

Married John Rolfe

• referred to as the first “civilized Indian”

Reason for the founding of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

Religious Freedom

headright system

Colony provided 50 acres of land for anyone who paid for another settler’s passage to the New World

John Winthrop

Founded Boston and sailed to Mass. Bay

Founder of Maryland

Lord Baltimore

Act of Toleration

Religious freedom to all Christans

Roger Williams

Founded Providence (Rhode Island) and started to first Baptist church

Anne Hutchinson

exiled from Plymouth

antinomianism

The belief that just faith is enough for salvation

Founder of Connecticut

Thomas Hooker

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution

Founder of New York

Duke of York

Founder of Pennslyvania

William Penn

Main religious group in Pennsylvania

Quakers

House of Burgesses

First representative assembly

• In Virginia

New England Confederation

Military alliance between Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and New Haven

The Zeng