Excel 10B final review

Excel is a combination of Social Studies and English. We studied from WW1 to Watergate during the second portion of the class.

Trenches

rows dig to fit soldiers

Trench conditions

they were wet, muddy, disease filled, and resulted in many health problems

Influenza

the disease of the 1920s, incurable (at the time), hospitals filled up

Allied forces

great britain, USA, france, and Serbia *the one they were defending

Central Powers

Germany *main one in the war, Austria Hungary, and Ottoman Empire

Treaty of Versailles

resolution of WW1 that placed all blame on Germany

Germany’s Inflation

too much money was being printed, led to trade not transactions and WW2

Mustard/chlorine gas

chemical warfare in WW1, left many blind/dead

Big bertha

Germany’s big gun

What soldiers had to endure in the trenches

disease, rats, maggots, lice, mental illness, etc.

Artillery in war

1st time using planes, submarines, and tanks

War propaganda

ads for the military to buy bonds, enlist, and reduce consumption on necessities for the war

Flappers

dressed in long, sparkly dresses and danced

Clara Bow

IT girl of the 1920s, her style was copied a lot

18th amendment

alcohol ban

19th amendmendment

gave women the right to vote

Mass consumerism

people bought on wants rather than need

Barnstorming

people got on top of planes and did tricks

Jazz

the most popular style of music, it was made in america by black people

The Stock Market in the 1920s

The numbers kept going up, everyone was investing (mainly middle class/ones who can’t afford it)

Buying on margin

people bought stocks using credit from banks, banks loaned more than they had

Child labor reform

child labor laws were made, more children went to school

Black Tuesday

Oct. 29, 1929--Tidal wave of selling stocks, but no one was buying, prices drop\=crash, billions of dollars lost

Harlem Renaissance

movement to protest racism in america

Harlem Renaissance Poets

Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Countee Cullen

Scopes Monkey Trial

Trial that ruled that teachings can’t conflict with religion

New Deal

3 Rs plan\= reform, relief, and recovery; FDR made to come back from the Great Depression; created many initiatives/jobs

Herbert Hoover

President at the start of the Depression, bad at it, rugged individualism (everyone for themselves to get money)

Hobo

homeless person wandering around

Hooverville

groups of homeless people with tents in a park, had crime and violence

Soup kitchen/breadline

people would line up to get served food (first come, first serve)

The Homeowners loan corp

refinance mortgages ro prevent foreclosures

Agricultural Adjustment Act

reduced crop supply, stabilized prices, and supported farm incomes

Federal Deposit Insurance Act

insured deposits against bank failures to a certain degree

National Recovery Act

Legalized industry collaboration for price controls and collection bargaining for labor

Civilian Conservation Corps

unemployed young men to plant trees in places affected by the dust bowl

Tennessee Valley Association

gave electricity + internet to rural/farm areas

Dust Bowl

horrible dust storms where farmers are trying to grow plants, caused by over working the soil

National Housing Act

guarantees mortgages with banks, made federal loans and savings

Emergency Banking Relief

gave the president the right to emergency powers over the US banking system

Securities and Exchange Commission

allowed federal regulation of stock trading in public corporations

Direct relief

government money given to those who need it

Bonus army

war veterans protested in Washington DC for their (promised) war bonus for serving

FDR

president who was crucial to changing the Great Depression, terms- 1933 to 1945

21st amendment

repeal of 18th, got rid of the alcohol ban

Hiroshima

1st atomic bomb on Japan

Nagasaki

2nd atomic bomb on Japan

Manhattan Project

super secret creation of the atomic bomb

NATO

alliance of European countries with the US

Warsaw Pact

alliance between European countries and the Soviet Union

Nuremberg

crimes against humanity trials

D-Day

invasion through France to defeat the Nazis

What led to WW2?

treaty of versailles, Germany had to pay debts, give up land, etc.

Pearl Harbor

attack on US ships by Japan (killed many people)

Selective Training and Service Act in 1940

a peacetime draft, got ready for the pre-war

Lend and lease

lend to the British

Cash and Carry

only pay for weapons and vehicles in cash so there is no record

Rock and Roll

new wave of music that was made popular by the teens of the generation

Chuck Berry

King of Rock and Roll, prominent black Rock and rock artist

Beatnik movement

artists rejected the status quo, did drugs

White flight

many people moved to the suburbs

Brown v Board of Education

case that causes the desegregation of all schools

Little Rock Nine

Group of 9 black students that were the first to desegregate schools, Eisenhower sent the National guard to protect them

Cold war

the war between the USSR and USA, the countries competed in everything

Sputnik

The space satellite that was launched by the USSR

Senator McCarthy

accused everyone of being a communist, said he had a list of people who are communist (he didn’t)

Red scare

many accused people of being communist, paranoia over getting called a communist

Iron Curtain

division between USA influenced and USSR influenced countries

Loyalty Review Board

People in the government were inspected to see if they were communists

Hollywood 10

being apart + not snitching on the Communist party

McCarran Act

security act that strengthened laws against spying + limited freedom of speech

Alger Hiss

lying under oath, passed confidential documents to the USSR

The Rosenbergs

husband and wife sent to death, the first “US civilian spies” (there was not much evidence)

The Korean War

the US wanted to oversee the removal of the Japanese from Korea, North Korea invades South Korea (US supports)

38th parallel

38 degrees north of the equator, border of North and South Korea

MacArthur

leader of the US side of the Korean War, Truman and him butted heads on how to fight the war, wanted to bomb China

Stalemate

where they decided to be the official border (38th parallel)

H-bomb

US made created a more powerful bomb than the atomic bomb

Bus Boycott

civil rights movement to desert the buses

Rosa Parks

prominent figure in the civil rights movement, bus boycott

House Un-American Activities Committee

helped people accuse communists in a legal setting

Greensboro Sit-ins

sit-ins at the bars at the diner to protest people

SNCC

student run civil rights organization

Children’s Crusade

march of students, they got sprayed with hoses, turned the tide of the civil rights movement

Vietnam War

North vs. South Vietnam, lots of lies surrounding it, US was aiding France, France backed out, the 1st “war” we lost

Tonkin Gulf

provoked the North to fight by having ships in their waters

Napalm

gas that was flammable and burned down forests

Agent Orange

gas that melted forest, caused major health issues to those who were close or sprayed by it

Ho Chi Man Trail

network of dirt roads that extended from North to South Vietnam, supplied weapons to the troops (took one week)

Tet Offensive

january, 1968; time of the Lunar New Year, the sneak attack from North Vietnam, US won but made the US public against the war

My Lai

“search and destroy” mission on the Batangan Peninsula in the Pinkville city, it was thought that troops were hiding amongst people in the city, they killed everyone (civilians + children), city had 300-400 people

JFK

popular president, had great speaking and strategic skills

TV debate

JFK and Nixon, TV watchers thought that JFK was winning, radio listeners thought that Nixon was winning

Murder of JFK

Lee Harvey Oswald murdered him (said he was a patsy [front person]), murder from his car

Voting Rights Act of 1965

bans poll taxes, literacy tests, and federal oversight; signed by Johnson

Civil Rights Act of 1964

banned discrimination based on identity through hiring, promoting, firing, federally funded programs, and public services; strengthened enforcement of voting rights + desegregation of schools

Civil Rights Act of 1968

prohibited discrimination through the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on identity

24th amendment

prohibits the conditioning of the right to vote in federal elections with any type of tax

MLK was assassinated

people rioted the streets out of anger

Freedom Riders

rode a bus all the way to South to test out bus desegregation, they used whites only bathrooms and terminals, met with violent white mobs