Excel 10B final review

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Excel is a combination of Social Studies and English. We studied from WW1 to Watergate during the second portion of the class.

Last updated 2:24 AM on 6/7/23
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104 Terms

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Trenches
rows dig to fit soldiers
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Trench conditions
they were wet, muddy, disease filled, and resulted in many health problems
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Influenza
the disease of the 1920s, incurable (at the time), hospitals filled up
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Allied forces
great britain, USA, france, and Serbia *the one they were defending
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Central Powers
Germany *main one in the war, Austria Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
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Treaty of Versailles
resolution of WW1 that placed all blame on Germany
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Germany’s Inflation
too much money was being printed, led to trade not transactions and WW2
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Mustard/chlorine gas
chemical warfare in WW1, left many blind/dead
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Big bertha
Germany’s big gun
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What soldiers had to endure in the trenches
disease, rats, maggots, lice, mental illness, etc.
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Artillery in war
1st time using planes, submarines, and tanks
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War propaganda
ads for the military to buy bonds, enlist, and reduce consumption on necessities for the war
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Flappers
dressed in long, sparkly dresses and danced
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Clara Bow
IT girl of the 1920s, her style was copied a lot
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18th amendment
alcohol ban
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19th amendmendment
gave women the right to vote
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Mass consumerism
people bought on wants rather than need
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Barnstorming
people got on top of planes and did tricks
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Jazz
the most popular style of music, it was made in america by black people
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The Stock Market in the 1920s
The numbers kept going up, everyone was investing (mainly middle class/ones who can’t afford it)
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Buying on margin
people bought stocks using credit from banks, banks loaned more than they had
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Child labor reform
child labor laws were made, more children went to school
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Black Tuesday
Oct. 29, 1929--Tidal wave of selling stocks, but no one was buying, prices drop\=crash, billions of dollars lost
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Harlem Renaissance
movement to protest racism in america
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Harlem Renaissance Poets
Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Countee Cullen
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Scopes Monkey Trial
Trial that ruled that teachings can’t conflict with religion
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New Deal
3 Rs plan\= reform, relief, and recovery; FDR made to come back from the Great Depression; created many initiatives/jobs
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Herbert Hoover
President at the start of the Depression, bad at it, rugged individualism (everyone for themselves to get money)
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Hobo
homeless person wandering around
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Hooverville
groups of homeless people with tents in a park, had crime and violence
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Soup kitchen/breadline
people would line up to get served food (first come, first serve)
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The Homeowners loan corp
refinance mortgages ro prevent foreclosures
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Agricultural Adjustment Act
reduced crop supply, stabilized prices, and supported farm incomes
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Federal Deposit Insurance Act
insured deposits against bank failures to a certain degree
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National Recovery Act
Legalized industry collaboration for price controls and collection bargaining for labor
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Civilian Conservation Corps
unemployed young men to plant trees in places affected by the dust bowl
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Tennessee Valley Association
gave electricity + internet to rural/farm areas
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Dust Bowl
horrible dust storms where farmers are trying to grow plants, caused by over working the soil
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National Housing Act
guarantees mortgages with banks, made federal loans and savings
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Emergency Banking Relief
gave the president the right to emergency powers over the US banking system
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Securities and Exchange Commission
allowed federal regulation of stock trading in public corporations
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Direct relief
government money given to those who need it
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Bonus army
war veterans protested in Washington DC for their (promised) war bonus for serving
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FDR
president who was crucial to changing the Great Depression, terms- 1933 to 1945
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21st amendment
repeal of 18th, got rid of the alcohol ban
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Hiroshima
1st atomic bomb on Japan
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Nagasaki
2nd atomic bomb on Japan
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Manhattan Project
super secret creation of the atomic bomb
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NATO
alliance of European countries with the US
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Warsaw Pact
alliance between European countries and the Soviet Union
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Nuremberg
crimes against humanity trials
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D-Day
invasion through France to defeat the Nazis
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What led to WW2?
treaty of versailles, Germany had to pay debts, give up land, etc.
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Pearl Harbor
attack on US ships by Japan (killed many people)
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Selective Training and Service Act in 1940
a peacetime draft, got ready for the pre-war
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Lend and lease
lend to the British
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Cash and Carry
only pay for weapons and vehicles in cash so there is no record
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Rock and Roll
new wave of music that was made popular by the teens of the generation
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Chuck Berry
King of Rock and Roll, prominent black Rock and rock artist
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Beatnik movement
artists rejected the status quo, did drugs
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White flight
many people moved to the suburbs
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Brown v Board of Education
case that causes the desegregation of all schools
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Little Rock Nine
Group of 9 black students that were the first to desegregate schools, Eisenhower sent the National guard to protect them
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Cold war
the war between the USSR and USA, the countries competed in everything
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Sputnik
The space satellite that was launched by the USSR
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Senator McCarthy
accused everyone of being a communist, said he had a list of people who are communist (he didn’t)
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Red scare
many accused people of being communist, paranoia over getting called a communist
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Iron Curtain
division between USA influenced and USSR influenced countries
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Loyalty Review Board
People in the government were inspected to see if they were communists
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Hollywood 10
being apart + not snitching on the Communist party
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McCarran Act
security act that strengthened laws against spying + limited freedom of speech
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Alger Hiss
lying under oath, passed confidential documents to the USSR
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The Rosenbergs
husband and wife sent to death, the first “US civilian spies” (there was not much evidence)
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The Korean War
the US wanted to oversee the removal of the Japanese from Korea, North Korea invades South Korea (US supports)
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38th parallel
38 degrees north of the equator, border of North and South Korea
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MacArthur
leader of the US side of the Korean War, Truman and him butted heads on how to fight the war, wanted to bomb China
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Stalemate
where they decided to be the official border (38th parallel)
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H-bomb
US made created a more powerful bomb than the atomic bomb
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Bus Boycott
civil rights movement to desert the buses
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Rosa Parks
prominent figure in the civil rights movement, bus boycott
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House Un-American Activities Committee
helped people accuse communists in a legal setting
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Greensboro Sit-ins
sit-ins at the bars at the diner to protest people
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SNCC
student run civil rights organization
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Children’s Crusade
march of students, they got sprayed with hoses, turned the tide of the civil rights movement
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Vietnam War
North vs. South Vietnam, lots of lies surrounding it, US was aiding France, France backed out, the 1st “war” we lost
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Tonkin Gulf
provoked the North to fight by having ships in their waters
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Napalm
gas that was flammable and burned down forests
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Agent Orange
gas that melted forest, caused major health issues to those who were close or sprayed by it
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Ho Chi Man Trail
network of dirt roads that extended from North to South Vietnam, supplied weapons to the troops (took one week)
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Tet Offensive
january, 1968; time of the Lunar New Year, the sneak attack from North Vietnam, US won but made the US public against the war
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My Lai
“search and destroy” mission on the Batangan Peninsula in the Pinkville city, it was thought that troops were hiding amongst people in the city, they killed everyone (civilians + children), city had 300-400 people
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JFK
popular president, had great speaking and strategic skills
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TV debate
JFK and Nixon, TV watchers thought that JFK was winning, radio listeners thought that Nixon was winning
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Murder of JFK
Lee Harvey Oswald murdered him (said he was a patsy [front person]), murder from his car
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
bans poll taxes, literacy tests, and federal oversight; signed by Johnson
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
banned discrimination based on identity through hiring, promoting, firing, federally funded programs, and public services; strengthened enforcement of voting rights + desegregation of schools
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Civil Rights Act of 1968
prohibited discrimination through the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on identity
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24th amendment
prohibits the conditioning of the right to vote in federal elections with any type of tax
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MLK was assassinated
people rioted the streets out of anger
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Freedom Riders
rode a bus all the way to South to test out bus desegregation, they used whites only bathrooms and terminals, met with violent white mobs