Global Crisis Review Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key terms, people, and developments from Unit 7: Global Crisis.

MAIN (Causes of WWI)

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism: Factors leading to WWI.

Sides in WWI

Allies (e.g., Britain, France, Russia) vs. Central Powers (e.g., Germany, Austria-Hungary).

Total War

A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the entire population.

Propaganda

Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.

Zimmerman Note

A secret diplomatic communication that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I and imposed restrictions on Germany.

"War Guilt Clause"

A clause in the Treaty of Versailles that forced Germany to accept full responsibility for causing World War I.

Romanov Dynasty

The ruling imperial house of Russia from 1613 to 1917, including Czar Nicholas II.

Bolsheviks

A radical, far-left, and revolutionary Marxist faction within Russia.

V.I. Lenin

Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

Bloody Sunday

A massacre of peaceful protesters outside the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905, triggering the Russian Revolution of 1905.

Rasputin

A Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who befriended the family of Nicholas II, the last Czar of Russia, and gained considerable influence in late imperial Russia.

Communist Party

A political party that advocates communism based on the principles of Marxism-Leninism.

Joseph Stalin

The dictator of the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953.

Totalitarianism

A political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.

Mao Zedong

A Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China.

Chinese Civil War

A war fought between the Kuomintang (Nationalists) and the Communist Party of China.

The Long March

A military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army.

Rowlatt Acts

Legislative acts passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in British India in 1919, which allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.

Amritsar Massacre

An incident in 1919 in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in Amritsar, Punjab.

Mohandas K. Gandhi

An Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist.

Civil Disobedience

The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

Salt March

An act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.

Existentialism

A philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of will.

Surrealism

A cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, best known for its visual artworks and writings. The aim was to liberate thought, language, and human experience from the oppressive boundaries of rationalism.

Weimar Republic

The democratic government founded in Germany following Kaiser Wilhelm II's abdication near the end of War World I.

Fascism

A political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.

Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

Benito Mussolini

An Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party.

Adolf Hitler

An Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.

Lebensraum

The territory that a state or nation believes is needed for its natural development, especially associated with Nazi Germany.

Francisco Franco

Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a dictator from 1939 to 1975.

Third Reich

The Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945.

Guernica Painting

Painting by Pablo Picasso, portraying the Nazi bombing of Guernica.

Appeasement

The policy of granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace; for example, British policy toward Hitler's Germany in the 1930s.

Axis Powers

The nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces, primarily Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Non-Aggression Pact

A treaty between two or more states agreeing to avoid war or armed conflict between them and resolve their disputes through peaceful means.