Impacts of tectonic hazards on people economy and environment in contrasting locations

Volcanoes – developed – E15 2010

• constructive margin

• Mid Atlantic Ridge

• Balsatic magma

• VEI - 4

• No injury or death

• Major destruction to air travel and affected 10 million passengers

• US dollars 1 .7 billion in economic losses

• Jokulhlaup caused major flooding

volcanoes – emerging – 2010 Merapi

• destructive margin and subduction zone

• Andesetic magma

• Composite volcano VEI – four

• 353 deaths 300 injured

• 350,000 evacuated

• US dollars 10 .6 billion in losses

• Loss of rice harvest to ash

Volcanoes – developing – 2002 Myiragongo

• Continental constructive margin and Rift zone

• Balsatic magma

• VEI – one

• 147 deaths

• 120,000 displaced

• 15% of Goma destroyed

• International aid

• US dollars 1 .2 billion in losses

Earthquakes – developed – 2010 Canterbury New Zealand

• magnitude 7.1 and subduction zone

• 10 km focal depth

• 100 injuries no deaths

• Widespread building damage to the action

• And after-shock a year later killed 185

• Total costs US dollars 40 billion

Earthquakes – emerging – 2008 Sichuan China

• magnitude eight Continental Continental destructive zone

• 19 km focal depth

• 69,000 deaths

• 370,000 injured

• 5 million homeless

• US dollars 140 billion economic losses

• One third of deaths due to landslides

earthquake – developing – 2015 Nepal

• magnitude 7.9

• Focal depth 8.2 km

• Continental continental destructive zone

• 9000 deaths 22,000 injured

• US dollars 5 billion economic losses

• Avalanches on Mount Everest

• rural villages destroyed

Link of development to loss

• The higher of the development, the less deaths but a higher economic loss

• Population density, quality infrastructure, amount of infrastructure, and distance from centre all affect severity