L2 History NCEA — February Revolution 1917
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Introduction structure
Neutral statement—interesting, general statement: The February Revolution was a significant turning point in for change in Russia.
Context sentence—2 or 3 specific facts about event: Taking place in 1917 under Tsar Nicholas II’s rule, the war and economy contributed greatly to the instability of Russia, causing several workers to fight against detrimental conditions.
Argument sentence—state argument of essay very clearly: The event occurred at the cause of several short and long term causes, the most important being the poor leadership and decision making of Tsar Nicholas II.
Power sentence—summarise case: The February Revolution was significant as the events culminated in marking the end of Tsarist Autocracy, setting in motion the beginning of a long fight for freedom.
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Event paragraph
The February Revolution began on March 8th 1917 where a wave of riots and strikes erupted over the scarcity of food in Petrograd.
90,000 men and women took to the streets to protest, inevitably clashing with police.
On March 11, Tsar Nicholas II ordered troops of the Petrograd army garrison to open fire upon these workers to restore peace, killing several protestors.
However, the workers remained on the streets, and troops began to waver their loyalty to the Tsar.
The Duma was then ordered to be dissolved permanently, but this order was ignored. The Duma then formed a committee declared as the new Provisional Government, leading to the establishment of the Petrograd Soviet.
On March 15, autocracy ended with the Petrograd Soviet’s demands for Tsar Nicholas II’s abdication, where Michael, Nicholas II’s brother, refused the throne, bringing an end to 300 years of Romanov rule.
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Long term cause of 1917 February Revolution
Underlying conditions of Tsarist Autocracy
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Body paragraph structure
**Statement:**
A long term cause of the 1917 February Revolution was the underlying conditions of Tsarist Autocracy.
A short term and immediate cause of the February Revolution of 1917 was the poor leadership and decision making of Tsar Nicholas II.
**Elaborate:** The conditions of Tsarist rule negatively impacted a large population of Russia, with such debilitating conditions for several workers and peasants that would spark sentiments of revolution.
Nicholas II’s poor leadership caused people to be unhappy with his rule, however as the people had no political representation, they had no way to change the system.
**Evidence**
**Analysis**
**Argument why cause is significant**
A long term cause of the 1917 February Revolution was the underlying conditions of Tsarist Autocracy.
A short term and immediate cause of the February Revolution of 1917 was the poor leadership and decision making of Tsar Nicholas II.
**Elaborate:** The conditions of Tsarist rule negatively impacted a large population of Russia, with such debilitating conditions for several workers and peasants that would spark sentiments of revolution.
Nicholas II’s poor leadership caused people to be unhappy with his rule, however as the people had no political representation, they had no way to change the system.
**Evidence**
**Analysis**
**Argument why cause is significant**
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Conditions of Tsarist Autocracy evidence
* For generations, people lived under autocratic rule
* What is autocracy—a state or society governed by one person with absolute power
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* What freedoms and representation did people have under autocracy?
* people had very limited freedom + representation
* examples of this:
* during the rules of past Tsars, heavy censorship in newspapers, extreme actions taken against those who challenged autocracy + spoke their minds freely
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* Make-up of society according to social class
* Lower class had no power—those of higher social status that held power to make choices for country
* The power and conditions of life in the Russian Empire society was highly dependant on social status
* Soldiers, priests and government officials held lots of power, and low working class people almost held no power, and did not have very good working conditions
* Majority of populations (70%) were peasants in rural areas—lived in poor conditions, lack of education, worked under exploitative conditions, no access to land
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* How diverse was Russia ethnically + religiously?
* Russia very ethnically diverse—less than half of the population ethic Russian
* Approx. 15 ethnic groups made up Empire
* Also religiously diverse—approx. 8 notable religious groups
* Of these, 69% of population belonged to Russian Orthodox church, meaning 31% held differing religious beliefs
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* Who would thrive in this environment?
* Noble people, ethnic Russian, those who believe in Russian Orthodox faith—made up minority of Empire
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* Who would struggle in this environment?
* Peasants, workers, those not ethnic Russian, don’t speak Russian, people who belong to non-Christian religions
* Non-Christian struggles as religions not respected
* Peasants + workers struggled as poor conditions made life difficult, felt Tsar did not care about them
* What is autocracy—a state or society governed by one person with absolute power
\
* What freedoms and representation did people have under autocracy?
* people had very limited freedom + representation
* examples of this:
* during the rules of past Tsars, heavy censorship in newspapers, extreme actions taken against those who challenged autocracy + spoke their minds freely
\
* Make-up of society according to social class
* Lower class had no power—those of higher social status that held power to make choices for country
* The power and conditions of life in the Russian Empire society was highly dependant on social status
* Soldiers, priests and government officials held lots of power, and low working class people almost held no power, and did not have very good working conditions
* Majority of populations (70%) were peasants in rural areas—lived in poor conditions, lack of education, worked under exploitative conditions, no access to land
\
* How diverse was Russia ethnically + religiously?
* Russia very ethnically diverse—less than half of the population ethic Russian
* Approx. 15 ethnic groups made up Empire
* Also religiously diverse—approx. 8 notable religious groups
* Of these, 69% of population belonged to Russian Orthodox church, meaning 31% held differing religious beliefs
\
* Who would thrive in this environment?
* Noble people, ethnic Russian, those who believe in Russian Orthodox faith—made up minority of Empire
\
* Who would struggle in this environment?
* Peasants, workers, those not ethnic Russian, don’t speak Russian, people who belong to non-Christian religions
* Non-Christian struggles as religions not respected
* Peasants + workers struggled as poor conditions made life difficult, felt Tsar did not care about them
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Conditions of Tsarist Autocracy analysis
* Conditions have been going on for a very long time over, caused people to lose faith in Tsarist system
* The key aspect of these conditions was that the people want and desperately need change, yet their lack of political representation meant they had no way to achieve this change.
* The detrimental conditions of Tsarist Autocracy lead to a strong sentiment for change by the people, as the conditions they live under negatively impact their lives.
* The people lose faith in the system as over generation, no change occurs that improves the peoples lives.
* Revolution is the only action that can enact change—change that can only be enacted within the changing of the political system.
* The key aspect of these conditions was that the people want and desperately need change, yet their lack of political representation meant they had no way to achieve this change.
* The detrimental conditions of Tsarist Autocracy lead to a strong sentiment for change by the people, as the conditions they live under negatively impact their lives.
* The people lose faith in the system as over generation, no change occurs that improves the peoples lives.
* Revolution is the only action that can enact change—change that can only be enacted within the changing of the political system.
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Why is cause significant?
Because the conditions are the foundation from which a revolution grows
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Short term cause of 1917 February Revolution
Poor leadership of Tsar Nicholas
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Poor Leadership of Tsar Nicholas evidence
* What kind of Tsar was Nicholas II?
* not very mature—relied on mother for guidance
* not trained to be a statesmen—no prior knowledge and experience for significant role of Star
* indecisive, sensitive and had no independent opinions
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* Why did these characteristics make Tsar Nicholas II unsuitable Tsar?
* Indecisive—could not confidently make decisions, bad as he is the only person that can make decisions regarding autocracy
* Sensitive—impacts ability to make rational decisions
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* What key decisions did he make during 1905 Revolution
* Bloody Sunday—ordered soldiers to open fire against peaceful protestors in St. Petersburg. Would trigger chain of events that would spark the beginning of the 1905 revolution.
* Lead the war in the frontlines during WW1
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* Why were these decisions catastrophic?
* Bloody Sunday—further strain relationship with people of Russia, people would then garner feelings of hate and vengeance, in turn would contribute to revolution
* Leading war in frontlines—put Nicholas II in position to be solely blamed for Russia’s failure in WW1, absence also left Russia without a leader—power vacuum in St. Petersburg that would contribute to instability of Russia and allow revolution to flourish
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* not very mature—relied on mother for guidance
* not trained to be a statesmen—no prior knowledge and experience for significant role of Star
* indecisive, sensitive and had no independent opinions
\
* Why did these characteristics make Tsar Nicholas II unsuitable Tsar?
* Indecisive—could not confidently make decisions, bad as he is the only person that can make decisions regarding autocracy
* Sensitive—impacts ability to make rational decisions
\
* What key decisions did he make during 1905 Revolution
* Bloody Sunday—ordered soldiers to open fire against peaceful protestors in St. Petersburg. Would trigger chain of events that would spark the beginning of the 1905 revolution.
* Lead the war in the frontlines during WW1
\
* Why were these decisions catastrophic?
* Bloody Sunday—further strain relationship with people of Russia, people would then garner feelings of hate and vengeance, in turn would contribute to revolution
* Leading war in frontlines—put Nicholas II in position to be solely blamed for Russia’s failure in WW1, absence also left Russia without a leader—power vacuum in St. Petersburg that would contribute to instability of Russia and allow revolution to flourish
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Poor Leadership of Tsar Nicholas II analysis
The key issue of the poor leadership and decisions of Nicholas II was that Tsar Nicholas II was not good at being a Tsar, and even as the people are unhappy under his rule, they cannot get rid of him due to autocracy and therefore lack of representation. Poor leadership and decision making of Tsar Nicholas II caused people to lose faith in him as he did not improve the state and lives of the people, and rather made them worse. As the people do not have political representation, they can only take revolutionary action as means to change the autocratic system. Revolution occurs in 1917 rather than earlier autocratic rule as his decisions and leadership are substantially worse than the Tsars that came before. As Nicholas II also goes out to the front to lead the war, a power vacuum is creates that allows revolution to flourish.
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Why is poor leadership significant?
Helps understand why revolution occurred in 1917, during Tsar Nicholas II’s leadership, rather than during earlier in Russia’s history. Shows that poor conditions were not enough to spark successful revolution but rather poor leadership that created the opportunity needed.
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Prioritisation paragraph
**Statement:** The poor leadership and decision making of Tsar Nicholas II is the most significant cause that leads to the 1917 Russian Revolution.
**Elaborate:** Revolution occurs during the rule of Tsar Nicholas II rather than earlier autocratic regimes with the same, poor conditions, proving the significance of this cause.
**Evidence:** Tsar Nicholas II’s poor leadership is most significant as under earlier Tsar rule, people still lived under poor condition, yet no revolution occurred. Revolution begins in 1917, during the rule of Tsar Nicholas II, showing that it was under this rule that hastened and triggered revolution, due to the fact that the conditions under Nicholas II makes the people lose faith that the system will change their lives for the better. His poor decision making also leads to Nicholas II leaving Russia to lead the war in the front lines, creating a power vacuum that allowed revolution to flourish.
**Link:** Both causes are significant in causing the 1917 Russian Revolution, however as revolution occurs in 1917, it proves that poor conditions of autocracy are contingent on Nicholas II’s poor leadership .
**Elaborate:** Revolution occurs during the rule of Tsar Nicholas II rather than earlier autocratic regimes with the same, poor conditions, proving the significance of this cause.
**Evidence:** Tsar Nicholas II’s poor leadership is most significant as under earlier Tsar rule, people still lived under poor condition, yet no revolution occurred. Revolution begins in 1917, during the rule of Tsar Nicholas II, showing that it was under this rule that hastened and triggered revolution, due to the fact that the conditions under Nicholas II makes the people lose faith that the system will change their lives for the better. His poor decision making also leads to Nicholas II leaving Russia to lead the war in the front lines, creating a power vacuum that allowed revolution to flourish.
**Link:** Both causes are significant in causing the 1917 Russian Revolution, however as revolution occurs in 1917, it proves that poor conditions of autocracy are contingent on Nicholas II’s poor leadership .
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Conclusion
**Restate argument:** Several causes contributed towards the starting point of the 1917 February Revolution, marking the beginning of great change that would take place throughout Russia.
**How this was shown:** The impact of this event is evident throughout the unfolding of the following years, as not only did the revolution lead to the end of autocratic rule, but began the prelude to a better Russia. The conditions of the Russian people under autocratic rule factored greatly towards event, as these terrible conditions pushed the workers and peasants to find means to better these conditions, a solution realised in the end of Tsarist autocracy.
**Thoughtful insight**
* new insight revealed from discussion
* personal reflection on significance of topic
* things we can learn rom discussion
The resolution of peasants showed determination one will show to enact change for themselves. Individuals will not sit idly by with mere hope change will happen by itself—hardship will be faced and perseverance will be shown as when change must happen within the people, it will be made to happen.
**Power end:** The revolution, however, marked only the beginning of these changes, and there was still a long way to go before these freedoms would be truly realised.
**How this was shown:** The impact of this event is evident throughout the unfolding of the following years, as not only did the revolution lead to the end of autocratic rule, but began the prelude to a better Russia. The conditions of the Russian people under autocratic rule factored greatly towards event, as these terrible conditions pushed the workers and peasants to find means to better these conditions, a solution realised in the end of Tsarist autocracy.
**Thoughtful insight**
* new insight revealed from discussion
* personal reflection on significance of topic
* things we can learn rom discussion
The resolution of peasants showed determination one will show to enact change for themselves. Individuals will not sit idly by with mere hope change will happen by itself—hardship will be faced and perseverance will be shown as when change must happen within the people, it will be made to happen.
**Power end:** The revolution, however, marked only the beginning of these changes, and there was still a long way to go before these freedoms would be truly realised.
Note 
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