The jamestown and Plymouth colonies unit 2 apush

Delayed Imperial Expansion

England entered New World exploration later than Spain, which dominated the Americas.

Domestic Constraints

Internal turmoil, like Henry VIII’s break with the Catholic Church, diverted resources from overseas expansion.

Shift to Maritime Power

England adopted an outward expansionist orientation after religious stabilization.

Queen Elizabeth I

Asserted naval power and embraced privateering in pursuit of English expansion.

Sir Francis Drake

Notable English privateer who targeted Spanish vessels and settlements.

Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)

Marked a decline in Spanish naval dominance and elevated England's maritime position.

Early Colonial Failures

Attempts at settling Newfoundland and Roanoke Island ended in failure.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

Attempted to establish a colony in Newfoundland; his expedition ended with his death.

Lost Colony

The name given to the vanished settlers of Roanoke Island in 1587.

Economic Dislocation in England

Widespread instability displaced populations and increased migration to colonies.

Enclosure Movement

Forced small farmers off common lands, contributing to displacement and poverty.

Primogeniture

The law that concentrated land ownership in eldest sons, leaving younger sons landless.

Joint-Stock Companies

Enterprises that pooled investor capital to finance colonial ventures and spread risk.

Jamestown and Plymouth

Colonies founded through joint-stock company sponsorship.

First Virginia Charter

Issued by King James I to authorize English colonization ventures in North America.

Virginia Company of Plymouth

Granted territory north of the Potomac River and established a short-lived settlement.

Sagadahoc (present-day Maine)

Site of the Virginia Company of Plymouth’s failed settlement.

Virginia Company of London

Founded Jamestown in 1607; faced hardship including disease and starvation.

Colonial Governance

Established a Council to administer colonial affairs, reflecting self-government attempts.

Sufficiente Goods

Goods required to support colonial settlers, acknowledging logistical challenges.

Extractive, Mercantilist Objectives

Rights granted to mine gold, silver, and copper aligned with England's economic goals.

Supplementary Instructions

Detailed directives given to colonists emphasizing England's control over the colony.

Imperial Control

Instructions illustrating political and economic linkage between colonies and the Crown.

Rights of English Subjects

Charter granted colonists this status, influencing future colonial resistance against royal authority.

Jamestown Arrival (May 1607)

Approximately 150 English settlers landed in Virginia under the Virginia Company.

Transatlantic Journey

The five-month voyage which had high mortality due to hazards.

Captain John Smith

Imposed strict labor discipline that temporarily stabilized the Jamestown colony.

Powhatan and Algonquian Peoples

Native groups with whom Jamestown settlers had intermittent relationships.

Starving Time (1609-1610)

Period of extreme famine in Jamestown leading to a demographic collapse.

First Anglo-Powhatan War

Initiated by Governor Lord De La Warr against the Powhatan Confederacy.

John Rolfe

Developed a profitable method of curing tobacco, stabilizing the Jamestown economy.

Tobacco Monoculture

Economic foundation of Jamestown's survival, generating wealth and labor demand.

Indentured Servitude

Labor system binding workers to landowners for fixed periods, supplying labor to colonies.

Chattel Slavery

Introduced in Virginia in 1619 with the arrival of enslaved Africans.

Revocation of the Virginia Charter (1624)

King James I dissolved the Virginia Company due to financial failure and challenges to authority.

House of Burgesses (1619)

Early representative assembly granted to colonists, viewed as a challenge to royal authority.

Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644-1646)

Final conflict representing the Powhatans’ last organized attempt to resist English encroachment.

Plymouth Colony Founding Motive

Founded primarily for religious refuge rather than economic profit.

Pilgrims

Migrants who sought freedom to practice their form of Protestantism.

Separatists

Pilgrims rejecting reform from within the Church of England, seeking their independent congregations.

The Mayflower Voyage

The journey in 1620 that carried Pilgrims and others seeking a new life in America.

Mayflower Compact Significance

Established early self-governance based on majority rule principles.

Native Assistance in Plymouth

Provided by Squanto and Samoset, crucial for the survival of the settlers.

Economic Stability in Plymouth

Achieved through diversified subsistence economy and transatlantic trade.

Myles Standish

Secular military leader in Plymouth, emphasizing force and pragmatism.

Jamestown vs. Plymouth Motivation

Jamestown focused on profit while Plymouth aimed for religious freedom.

Settlement Organization Comparison

Jamestown organized as a company venture, Plymouth governed through a social contract.

Geography of Jamestown vs. Plymouth

Jamestown's swampy area contrasts with Plymouth's healthier climate.

Labor Dynamics in Jamestown vs. Plymouth

Jamestown's elite vs. Plymouth's communal labor of families.

Native Relations in Jamestown vs. Plymouth

More conflict in Jamestown while Plymouth benefitted from cooperation.

Economic Development Comparison

Jamestown relied on tobacco monoculture, Plymouth on diversified economy.

Governance Development in Jamestown vs. Plymouth

Jamestown's Burgesses vs. Plymouth's self-governing model.