Muscles, vessels and regional anatomy of the neck

skeleton of the neck

cervical vertebrae (7)

hyoid bone

trachea

Compartments of the neck

Visceral

Vascular

Vertebral

superficial anterior muscles

platysma

sternocleidomastoid

Platysma

o: inferior border of mandible

i: fascia of pectoralis major + deltoid

platysma innervation

facial nerve (CN VII)

platysma action

tenses skin of neck

depresses mandible

expressions of sadness and fright (corners of mouth drop and widen)

Sternocleidomastoid

o: mastoid process of temporal bone

i: sternal head (manubrium) + clavicular head (medial of clavicle)

Sternocleidomastoid innervation

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

sternocleidomastoid actions

rotation of the head to the opposite side + lateral flexion of the neck

extend neck at atlanto-occipital joint

flex cervical vertebrae

suprahyoid muscles

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

Stylohyoid

Digastric

Mylohyoid

O: mandible

I: hyoid bone

mylohyoid innervation

Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (from mandibular nerve, CN V3)

mylohyoid action

Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

Geniohyoid

O: mandible

I: hyoid

geniohyoid innervation

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

geniohyoid action

pulls hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly

Stylohyoid

O: styloid process of temporal bone

I: hyoid bone

stylohyoid innervation

facial nerve (CN VII)

stylohyoid actions

elevates and retracts hyoid

Digastric

o: anterior belly (mandible) + posterior belly (mastoid process of temporal bone)

i: hyoid bone

digastric innervation

Anterior Belly: nerve to mylohyoid (from mandibular nerve CN V3)

Posterior Belly: facial nerve (CN VII)

digastric action

depresses mandible

elevates hyoid during swallowing and speaking

infrahyoid muscles

sternohyoid

omohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

Sternohyoid

O: manubrium + clavicle

I: hyoid bone

sternohyoid innervation

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

sternohyoid action

depresses hyoid during swallowing

Omohyoid

o: superior border of scapula

i: hyoid bone

omohyoid innervation

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

omohyoid action

Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid

Sternothyroid

O: manubrium

I: thyroid cartilage

sternothyroid innervation

C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

sternothyroid action

depresses hyoid and larynx

Thyrohyoid

O: thyroid cartilage

I: hyoid bone

thyrohyoid innervation

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

thyrohyoid action

depresses hyoid

elevates larynx

Fixation of the hyoid bone

infrahyoid muscles

swallowing muscles

suprahyoid muscles lift hyoid bone and larynx

sucking muscles

buccinator

tightened floor of oral cavity (infrahyoid muscles)

vocalization

lifts and fixes the larynx

anterior deep neck muscles

longus colli

longus capitis

rectus capitis anterior

rectus capitis lateralis

anterior scalene

middle scalene

posterior scalene

longus colli

ventral rami C2-C6

flex neck

Longus Capitis

o: occipital bone

i: transverse process of C3-C6

ventral rami C1-C3

flex head

Rectus Capitis Anterior

o: occipital bone

i: lateral mass of atlas

C1 and C2

flex head

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

o: occipital bone

i: transverse process of atlas (C1)

C1 and C2

flex head

Anterior Scalene

o: transverse process of C3-C6

i: 1st rib

C4-C6 spinal nerves

flex head

Middle Scalene

o: transverse process of C5-C7

i: 1st rib

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

laterally flexes neck

elevate 1st rib during inspiration

Posterior Scalene

o: transverse process of C5-C7

i: 2nd rib

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8

laterally flexes neck

elevate 2nd rib during inspiration

scalene hiatus

Triangle between anterior scalene and middle scalene

Contents: subclavian artery + roots of brachial plexus

nuchal region

skin

superficial nuchal fascia

trapezius

splenius capitis

semispinalis capitis

deep nuchal fascia

suboccipital triangle

superficial posterior neck muscles

trapezius

levator scapulae

deep posterior neck muscles

Semispinalis capitis

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

Rectus capitis posterior major

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Obliquus capitis superior

Obliquus capitis inferior

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

o: spinous process of axis

i: occipital bone

posterior ramus of C1

extension and rotation of head

rectus capitis posterior minor

o: posterior of atlas

i: occipital bone

posterior ramus of C1

extension of head

Obliquus capitis superior

O: transverse process of atlas

I: occipital bone

posterior ramus of C1

extension of head and bend to the same side

Obliquus capitis inferior

o: spinous process of axis

i: transverse process of atlas

posterior ramus of C1

rotation of head

anatomical triangles of neck

submandibular triangle

submandibular gland

facial artery and vein

mylohyoid muscle

submental triangle

carotid triangle

pulse point

division of common carotid artery

internal jugular vein

middle triangle of neck (muscular triangle)

larynx

thyroid gland

parathyroid gland

supraclavicular triangle

Omotrapezoid triangle

Omoclavicular triangle

Omotrapezoid triangle (occipital triangle)

cervical plexus

omoclavicular triangle (subclavian triangle)

scalene hiatus

brachial plexus

subclavian artery

fascia of neck

retropharyngeal space

Space behind pharynx

Lymphatic vessels Inflammation can spread into mediastinum

Arteries of the neck and head

Veins of the neck and head

lymphatic vessels of neck region

Cervical Plexus (C1-C5)

Not studied (69)

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