Electron Geometry and Functional Groups

Molecular Geometry: Linear

- electron groups: 2

- bonding groups: 2

- lone pairs: 0

- electron geometry: linear

- approximate bond angles: 180º

- hybridization scheme: sp

Molecular Geometry: Trigonal Planar

- electron groups: 3

- bonding groups: 3

- lone pairs: 0

- electron geometry: trigonal planar

- approximate bond angles: 120º

- hybridization scheme: sp2

Molecular Geometry: Bent (eg 3)

- electron groups: 3

- bonding groups: 2

- lone pairs: 1

- electron geometry: trigonal planar

- approximate bond angles: <120º

- hybridization scheme: sp2

Molecular Geometry: Tetrahedral

- electron groups: 4

- bonding groups: 4

- lone pairs: 0

- electron geometry: tetrahedral

- approximate bond angles: 109.5º

- hybridization scheme: sp3

Molecular Geometry: Trigonal Pyramidal

- electron groups: 4

- bonding groups: 3

- lone pairs: 1

- electron geometry: tetrahedral

- approximate bond angles: <109.5º

- hybridization scheme: sp3

Molecular Geometry: Bent (eg 4)

- electron groups: 4

- bonding groups: 2

- lone pairs: 2

- electron geometry: tetrahedral

- approximate bond angles: <109.5

- hybridization scheme: sp3

Alkyl Halide

- X (7a halogen) + carbon

Alkene

- double bonded carbon

Alkyne

- triple bonded carbon

Alcohol

- OH + carbon

Ether

- O in between 2 carbons

Thiol

- sulfur and hydrogen + carbon

Sulfide

- sulfur between to carbons

Aromatic (arene)

- ring of carbons

Ketone

- carbonyl group attached to 2 carbons

Carbonyl

- not official functional groups

- O double bonded to carbon just that part

Aldehyde

- carbonyl + hydrogen

Carboxylic Acid

- carbonyl + OH

- not an alcohol

Acyl Halide

- carbonyl + X (7a Halogen)

Anhydride

- carbonyl + O + carbonyl

- O between 2 carbonyl

Ester

- carbonyl + O + R

- oxygen between carbon and carbonyl

Amide

- carbonyl + N

- needs to be attached to C or H

Amine

- N with 3 carbon or hydrogens attached

Nitrile

- carbon triple bonded to nitrogen attached to R