US History Semester 1 Final Review

Which view best summarizes Lincoln’s position on slavery in 1858?

Slavery should not spread because it is morally and politically wrong

The Dred Scott Decision:

Ruled that slaves did not have rights and were considered property

The topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was:

Slavery in the territories

What was one effect of John Brown’s actions at Harpers Ferry?

An increase in tensions between the North and the South

How did the south react to the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860?

Seven southern states seceded from the Union before Lincoln’s inauguration

What issue divided the Whig Party?

Slavery

People who favored the concept of nativism feared and opposed:

Immigrants

The Republican Party was formed by people who, despite their differences, were united in their:

Opposition to slavery in new territories

Northerners who objected to slavery's impact on free white workers were part of the:

Free-soil party

What was an important result of Buchanan's defeat of Fremont in the 1856 presidential election?

The South remained in the Union

What is one way in which abolitionists defied the Fugitive Slave Act?

nine northern states passed laws forbidding the imprisonment of runaway slaves

One of the most active conductors on the Underground Railroad was:

Harriet Tubman

The publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin helped:

Northerners understand and sympathize with the problems of slavery

What was a result of passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Popular sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska

Why did people start calling the Kansas Territory Bleeding Kansas?

Many bloody confrontations between proslavery posses and antislavery groups happened there

Which of the following best explains the dependence of the southern economy on slavery?

The southern economy was rural and consisted mostly of plantations

The Wilmot Proviso proposed that slavery should be banned from:

all of the territories won from Mexico

The formal withdrawal of a state from the Union is known as:

secession

What was Henry Clay's primary purpose in offering the compromise of 1850?

To avoid a civil war over the issue of slavery

According to the idea of popular sovereignty, which of the following would decide whether slavery would be allowed in a territory?

The residents of the territory

Why did many northerners oppose war with Mexico?

They saw it as a plot to expand slavery

What incident did President Polk use to call for war with Mexico?

A skirmish between Mexican and American soldiers near Matamoros

Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande border and ceded territory to the United States as part of:

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

With which of the following were the people known as "forty-niners" associated?

The California gold rush

Which event was most responsible for creating a diverse population in California?

Gold Rush

Why did the Mexican government offer land grants to empresarios?

To encourage settlers who would promise to obey Mexican laws

Under Mexican rule, the main appeal Texas held for American settlers was:

Cheap land

What did Stephen Austin's go to Mexico City for?

He asked for self government for Texas

The battle most responsible for winning Texas its freedom from Mexico took place:

Near the San Jacinto River

What were some factors that contributed to English Exploration?

England defeats Spanish Armada in 1588, Economic Motivations, growing population, stagnating economy, increased poverty?

Roanoke

(North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh (1585 and 1587).

Jamestown

(Chesapeake Bay in Virgina) by Virgina Company of London.

What did colonists struggle with?

Labor/food shortages, Raids and the "starving time" of 1609-1610.

What did John Rolfe do?

He taught colonists how to grow "brown gold" (aka, tobacco).

Indentured Servitude

A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians.

How many tribes were led by Chief Powhatan?

30

What is a royal colony?

A colony controlled directly by the English king.

Why did the Puritans leave England?

They wanted a "pure" religion, Elizabeth I made too many concessions to Catholics, church cant reform within.

What was the ship that the Puritans took to the "New World"?

The Mayflower

Where did the Mayflower land?

Plymouth Rock

What was the Mayflower Compact?

document signed by men on the Mayflower, they agreed to work together and make decisions together, led to self-government in the colonies

What was the Early Republican Government like?

Was not democratic, right to vote was only for stockholders and "freeman", no religious toleration.

What was the percent of "freeman" that belonged to the Puritan church?

40%

What did the Connecticut Blue Law create?

It created to control the morality of people (ex. sabbath, Holy day, no work, poor educated parents could have their children taken away).

Who was Roger Williams?

Salem minister who promoted religious tolerance and compensation to Indians for land.

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

A woman who was kicked out of colonial Massachusetts and helped found a colony based on religious freedom (Rhode Island)

When was Connecticut founded?

1635

When was New Hampshire founded?

1679

What is the belief of the Navigation Acts of 1651

That sugar and tobacco can only go to England, all trading shops must have 3/4 English crew, and tax on all non- English imports.

What were some negative effects to the Navigation Acts?

* colonists resentful and resort to smuggling
* trade imbalance ruining colonial economices
* colonists start going into debt

What did James II do in the year if 1685?

He forms the Dominion of New England

Why did the French set off to explore?

They were searching for a water route to Asia

When was Quebec established? And who founded it?

1608, Samuel de Champlain

How do the British struggle in the French and Indian War?

* British General Braddock killed
* British forts on Lake Ontario and George destroyed
* French Native Allie's attacking British settlements

When was the end of the French and Indian War? And who won?

September 1759, British took the victory

What was the purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764?

Tried to get the colonists to pay taxes on molasses

When did the 2nd Continental Congress meet?

May 10, 1775

How many delegates attended the 2nd continental congress?

13

What happens in March of 1776?

British move home base from Boston to New York City

What is Britain's idea of "going for victory"?

British aim to take "capital" of Philadelphia

How does the British fail when trying to reach victory?

\-geography of forests and swamps drastically hinders British March

\- colonists guerrilla warfare increasing casualties

What was the result of British failing to reach victory?

\-American victory convinced France to join war effort

\- Franco- American Alliance of 1778

How did the joint-stock companies help the English to fund the colonies?

Was by being able to receive most of the profit to either save/use

What was the purpose of the Virginia Company?

Was to lure in financial supporters by asking for a small investment

Who was the leader of the Puritans?

John Winthrop

Where did the Puritans settle?

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Who were the "elect" and how were they chosen?

They were civic officials. They were chosen by the government along with the Puritan Church

How did Lafayette contribute to the war effort?

By joining Washington and bore the ministry of Valley Forge

How does British change its war strategies?

Decides to take the war south

Decides to take the war south

In the balloting, Jefferson defeated Adams by eight electoral votes. Jefferson's running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of votes in the electoral college as Jefferson, the House of Representatives was called upon to choose between the two highest vote getters. For six days, the House took one ballot after another 35 ballots in all.

What did the 12th amendment provide for?

separate voting for President and Vice President

Define judicial review

The ability of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws

Why was John Marshall important?

* Chief Justice of Supreme Court from February 1801-1835
* Born in VA, and didn't get along with cousin Thomas Jefferson
* Goes to William and Mary
* Helps VA ratify the Constitution in 1788
* Eventually named Sec. of State
* "Midnight Judge"
* First case: Marbury v. Madison

What were Marshall's ruling in Gibbons v Ogden and McCulloch v Maryland designed to do?

Chief Justice John Marshall had also guided the Supreme Court to a ruling that strengthened the federal government's control over the economy. The Court's ruling also supported the national government over the state governments.

How did the Monroe Doctrine reflect nationalism in foreign policy?

The Monroe Doctrine reflected nationalism in foreign policy from President Monroe warning all outside powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere. They didn't want them to attempt to create new colonies, or try to overthrow the newly independent republics in the hemisphere. The United States would consider such action "dangerous to our peace and safety." At the same time, the United States would not involve itself in European affairs or interfere with existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

Summarize the Missouri Compromise

States that MO will be added as a slave state and Maine will be added to the free states. That way, the senators for the north and south will still have an equal amount (24 v. 24). Even though everything west of MO isn't ours, everything above the 36 degree line has to be a free state. Everything below can be a slave state but doesn't have to.

How was the election of 1824 decided?

By the House of Representatives

How was the Democratic-Republican party formed under Jackson?

The Jacksonians left the Republican Party to form the Democratic-Republican Party (forerunner of today's Democratic Party) and did whatever they could to sabotage Adams's policies.

Regarding the Jay Treaty, which country was Jay negotiating with?

Britain

How did political parties complicate the election of 1796?

The Federalists nominated vice-president John Adams for president and Thomas Pinckney for vice-president. The Democratic-Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson for president and Aston Burr for vice-president. There was division between the voters in the north and the voters in the south.

What issues arose between the US and France shortly after John Adams took office?

There was a war with France

Summarize the XYZ Affair:

The officials demanded a $250,000 bribe as payment for seeing Talleyrand. It provoked a wave of anti-French feeling at home.

What were "pet banks"?

States banks loyal to the Democratic Party

Which Native American group walked the Trail of Tears?

Cherokee

The spoils system is:

A system in which incoming government officials throw out officials appointed by the former president

The Missouri Compromise:

maintained the balance of slave states and free states

The Monroe Doctrine:

warned European powers not to interfere with the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

What is nationalism?

a belief in placing national interests above regional concerns

Which agreement gave the United States control of Florida?

Adams-Onis Treaty

Eli Whitney is best known for his invention of the

cotton gin

How many miles was the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

8000

James Madison

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

James Monroe

(1817-1821) and (1821-1825) The Missouri Compromise in 1821., the fifth President of the United States (1817-1825).His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas

The Louisiana Purchase (1803):

Jefferson sent Monroe to Paris to purchase New Orleans; Monroe ended up spending $15 million, because he was able to get all of Louisiana, Jefferson conflicted about the purchase, since he didn't feel he had the authority to do so under the Constitution, but the deal was too good to pass up and provided more than enough land to fulfill his dream of an America populated with small farmers.

Who were the sons of liberty and what did they do?

Patriots who wanted to go against British rule and organized the Boston Tea Party protest

What was the last battle of the American Revolution?

Battle of Yorktown

Federalist:

Believed in strong federal government

Democratic Republicans:

Believed in strong state government

Describe the impact of *Common Sense* and the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Paine created it to advocate for America and support the Revolution

Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill important to the Patriot cause?

Patriots proved they could hold their own