American Government Chapter 10

Unitary System

central government has all the governing power

Confederate System

local unit of government (state, country, city, etc.) has governing powers

Federal System

America’s current system

Denied Powers

any powers that the state, central, or both governments are not allowed to do

Concurrent Powers

powers that both groups can exercise (example taxing)

Delegated Powers

powers given only to the national government

Expressed

clearly stated

Implied

not clearly stated (McCulloch vs. Maryland)

Reserved Powers

powers only given to individual states

Amendment 9

enumerated powers

Amendment 10

all governing powers to states if it’s not a specific power of the federal government

Federal Obligations

the federal government must guarantee a republican form of government

Full Faith and Credit

states must honor the rule and laws of other states (licenses, court decisions, taxes, etc.)

Privileges and Immunities

rights and protections given to the citizen of a state; states cannot discriminate against citizens of other states

Extradition

surrendering a criminal to the state in which the crime was supposedly committed

Dual Federalism

each government section (central and state) operated independent of the other

Doctrine of Nullification

A principle that allowed the states to nullify (cancel) a federal law if they viewed it to be Constitutional

16th Amendment

the national income tax was created in 1913; this power was ultimately allowed by the states

Federal Grants

Large amounts of money given to the states by the federal government

Coercive Federalism

The grant money allowed Congress to take almost complete control over state decisions

14th Amendment

the “Due Process Clause” was originally meant to protect the people from the federal government; today it’s applied in the state governments

Court Orders

the Supreme Court can issue a court order to force the states to comply with a decision; Brown vs. Board of Education II (desegregation of schools)

10th Amendment

states are required to abide by federal minimum wage and hours worked laws (Example Garcia vs. San Antonio Metropolitan Authority); it became effective

Preemptions

if state and federal laws contradict each other, the federal law will in most cases override state law

Block

general; allows states to have more jurisdiction in how to use funds

Categorical

grants for more specific purposes

Motor Voter Law

(1993); requires a place for voter registration wherever there is a state department of motor vehicles

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

(1995); stated that Congress would have to conduct studies to determine the costs of mandates on the states

United States vs. Lopez

banned Congress from policing local school zones; 1st federal case in 60 years to uphold deleted powers

Taxing

What is an example of Concurrent Powers?

Republican

What form of government must the federal government guarantee?

Civil War

What did the Doctrine of Nullification lead to?

Federal Government

What did the Supreme Court give the ability to regulate interstate commerce to?

Interstate Commerce

The Supreme Court gave the Federal Government the ability to regulate what?