extra credit quiz

philosophy meaning

“the love of wisdom.”

amateur meaning

one who is motivated by love rather than by profit

philosophy

when we think of a person’s basic philosophy as the code of values and beliefs by which someone lives

what did Socrates say

“unexamined life is not worth living.”

philosophy consists of

careful reasoning about certain kinds of issues.

Philosophical thinking includes

careful assessment of terms, evaluation of logical reasoning, willingness to make refined distinctions, and so forth.

Philosophers are especially interested in

arguments (reasons) offered to support our ideas.

Philosophical issues concern

ultimate values, general principles, the nature of reality, knowledge, justice, happiness, truth, God, beauty, and morality.

Philosophy addresses questions that

other subjects do not address at all, and it addresses them in a more thorough way.

philosophical questions cannot be answered in what way

mathematical or factual question can be answered with “4” or “the year 1066.”

philosophical sense of wonder.

the astonished curiosity that recognizes the limits of current understanding, prompting a deep questioning of existence, meaning, and reality, famously described by Plato as the origin of philosophy, moving beyond mere surprise to a contemplative state that seeks deeper truth, shaking complacency and inspiring inquiry into fundamental concepts like being and knowledge

Metaphysics

reality that go beyond sense experience, beyond ordinary science.

involve free will, the mind–body relationship, supernatural existence, personal immortality, and the nature of being.

Epistemology

“knowledge,” is the branch of philosophy that asks questions about knowledge, its nature and origins, and whether it is even possible.

standards of evidence, truth, belief, sources of knowledge, gradations of knowledge, memory, and perception.

Ethics

the study of moral problems, practical reasoning, right and wrong, good and bad, virtues and vices, character, moral duty, and related issues involving the nature, origins, and scope of moral values.
Ethical issues include benevolence, truth-telling, relativism, and universality.

Social and political philosophy

the nature and origins of the state (government), sovereignty, the exercise of power, the effects of social institutions on individuals, ethnicity, gender, social status, and the strengths and weaknesses of different types of societies.

logic

the study of the rules of correct reasoning;

axiology,

the study of values

aesthetics

the study of perceptions, feelings, judgments, and ideas associated with the appreciation of beauty, art, and objects in general

ontology

the study of being and what it means to “Exist.”

Greek roots are philo

love

sophia

which means wisdom

archetype

a type of person who is common to think about like a old man being wise

philosophical archetype

a philosopher who expresses an original or influential point of view in a way that significantly affects subsequent philosophers and nonphilosophers.

difference between an archetype and an ideal

is that the archetype need not be good or perfect.

difference between an archetype and a stereotype

is in their depth sterotype is a simple watered down verison

skeptic

Skeptics believe that any claim to knowledge must be personally verified by their own sensory experience

utilitarian

believe that pain is inherently bad, that pleasure is inherently good, and that all creatures strive to be as happy as possible.

wisdom

fundamental understanding of reality as it relates to living a good life.

wisdom is good judgment about complex situations. Consequently, wisdom involves reflection, insight, a capacity to learn from experience, and some plausible conception of the human condition.

true

Theoretical knowledge

accurate compilation and assessment of factual and systematic information and relationships.

Philosophers generally agree that

knowledge is some form of true belief.

Practical knowledge

consists of skills needed to do things like play the piano, use a band saw, remove a tumor, or bake a cake.

practical wisdom ,

This does seem to be connected to action.

evaluating knowledge claims involves logical argumentation, scientific experiments and predictions, or the demonstration of some skillful performance like

It would seem, then, that to know X means, first, that X actually is true; second, that I believe X to be true; and third, that I can justify or establish my belief in X by providing adequate evidence.

belief

to the subjective mental acceptance that a claim is true.

false knowledge

is impossible

Mere belief

refers to a conviction that something is true for which the only evidence is the conviction itself. A circular idea that does not make sense

Willed ignorance

is the name of this closed-minded attitude, and it is as opposite from the love of wisdom as any attitude I can think of.