Pedi Exam 1 Memorization

tables and charts

ch. 4 - behaviors that indicate blurred vision in a child

squinting, rubbing eyes, clumsiness

ch. 4 - signs of hearing loss in a child

loud speech, inattentiveness, needing repetition

ch. 4 - symptom suggesting increased ICP

vomiting associated with eating

ch. 4 - pediatric concern associated with enuresis

bedwetting (daytime or nocturnal)

ch. 4 - adolescent screening for boys

testicular self-exam

ch. 4 - adolescent gynecologic history

menarche, LMP, menstrual regularity, STI history

ch. 4 - respiratory signs of chronic issues

chronic cough, wheezing, snoring

ch. 4 - integumentary findings suggesting bleeding disorders

petechiae and bruising

ch. 4 - musculoskeletal screening in adolescents

scoliosis

ch. 4 - endocrine signs to monitor

rapid/slow growth, puberty signs

ch. 4 - what is the difference between cyanosis in light vs dark skin?

light = blue lips/nails; dark = gray lips/tongue

ch. 4 - what is the difference between pallor in light vs dark skin?

light = pale face; dark = gray/yellow-brown

ch. 4 - what is the difference between erythema in light vs dark skin?

light = red skin; dark = feel warmth/swelling

ch. 4 - what is the difference between ecchymosis in light vs dark skin?

light = purple, yellow bruise; dark = mouth/eye only

ch. 4 - what is the difference between petechiae in light vs dark skin?

light = purple pinpoints; dark = mouth/eye only

ch. 4 - what is the difference between jaundice in light vs dark skin?

light = yellow skin/eyes/nails; dark = eyes and palate best

ch. 6 - how does chickenpox look and when is it contagious?

vesicles start on trunk/face then spread out; contagious until all crusted

ch. 6 - what is the key sign of diphtheria?

gray patches in throat; can block airway

ch. 6 - what is the rash in Fifth’s disease (erythema infectiosum)?

bright red “slapped cheek”

ch. 6 - what happens in roseola (exanthem subitum)?

high fever first; rash shows up after fever goes away

ch. 6 - what is the classic sign of mumps?

swelling of one parotid gland (cheek/jaw)

ch. 6 - what are the early signs of measles and what can it lead to?

fever, cough, runny nose, Koplik spots, red eyes; pneumonia or brain swelling (encephalitis)

ch. 6 - what is the cough like in pertussis?

severe “whooping” cough; can cause vomiting or turning blue

ch. 6 - what is the main danger of polio?

muscle weakness or paralysis

ch. 6 - why is rubella dangerous in pregnancy?

can cause serious birth defects (congenital rubella)

ch. 6 - what are classic signs of scarlet fever?

strawberry tongue; rough, red rash

ch. 9 - what supportive care helps preterm babies thrive?

Kangaroo care (skin-to-skin), cluster care, quiet/low-stim environment, tucking for comfort

ch. 9 - what defines apnea of prematurity (AOP)?

pause in breathing for 20 seconds

ch. 9 - what is the step-by-step response for AOP?

stimulate, suction airway, bag oxygen (compressions only if HR <60)

ch. 9 - what medication is used for AOP and what is its side effect?

caffeine; toxicity = jittery, irritable, tachycardia

ch. 9 - what are the signs and first steps in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?

distended belly, green vomit; NPO, oxygen, TPN, labs, antibiotics (often needs surgery)

ch. 9 - what are 3 signs of neonatal hypoglycemia and how is it treated?

jittery, poor feeding, hypotonia; feeding or IV dextrose

ch. 9 - what are common signs of neonatal withdrawal (NAS)?

inconsolable cry, rigid/flexed tone, seizures, sneezing

ch. 7 - newborn age

0-4 wks

ch. 7 - infant age

0-12 mo

ch. 7 - toddler age

12-36 mo

ch. 7 - pre-school age

3-5 yrs

ch. 7 - school age

6-12 yrs

ch. 7 - adolescent age

12+ yrs

ch. 7 - what are the 3 major circulation changes in a newborn?

foramen ovale closes due to increased LA pressure; ductus arteriosus closes ~4 days; ductus venosus closes with cord clamp

ch. 7 - how do newborns stay warm and how do they lose heat?

brown fat generates heat; lose heat by conduction, radiation, convection, and evaporation

ch. 5 - what does FLACC stand for?

Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability; ages 0-19

ch. 5 - what is the CRIES scale used for?

newborns (32-40 wks), after surgery; looks at Cry, Oxygen, Vitals, Face, Sleep

ch. 5 - what does PIPP-R measure?

premature babies (25-40 wks); checks HR, oxygen, and facial signs

ch. 5 - what is NPASS for?

babies 23-40 wks; scores crying, face, tone, behavior, and vitals

ch. 5 - why do we use morphine in kids?

strong pain relief, no ceiling dose, main IV opioid for big pain

ch. 5 - what are common opioid side effects?

sleepy, nausea, constipation, itching, slowed breathing

ch. 5 - what do you watch for with sedation?

breathing and heart—if too sleepy, stop medicine and give Narcan®

ch. 8 - what are the main newborn birth injuries?

bruises, scalp swelling, head bleeds (caput, cephalhematoma, subgaleal), and clavicle fracture

ch. 8 - what are 3 common newborn health problems?

jaundice (phototherapy), low blood sugar (feed/IV glucose), and bleeding from low vit K (give vit K shot)