HS 240 Test 1 Definitions

Antimicrobial Agents Examples

sodium benzoate and sorbic acid

Antimicrobial Agents

To prevent the growth of mold, fungi, and bacteria in food and drinks

Antioxidants Examples

BHA and BHT

Antioxidants

Keeps food fresh and colorful by stopping oxygen from spoiling them; in cereal and gum

Curing Agents Examples

Sodium nitrite and Sodium nitrate

Curing Agents

Prevent growth of Clostridium Botulinum, a bad bacteria in meats and it give them their pink color

Humectants Examples

Glycerol and sorbitol

Humectants

Keep moisture, flavor, and texture in foods, like marshmallows and soft candies

Salmonella Species Examples

Raw and undercooked meats, poultry, eggs

Salmonella species Symptoms

Nausea, fever, headache

E. coli Example

Undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized juice and milk

E. coli Symptoms

bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, (HUS)

Staphylococcus aureus Example

ham, chicken, tuna

Staphylococcus aureus Symptoms

diarrhea, vomiting, nausea

Clostridium Botulinum Example

Incorrectly home-canned vegetables, meats, fish, bottled garlic, potatoes baked in foil

Clostridium Botulinum Symptoms

double/blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing

Yersinia enterocolitica Examples

raw or undercooked pork, unpasteurized milk, oysters

Yersinia enterocolitica Symptoms

fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea

Norovirus

food prepared by infected food handlers, shellfish from contaminated waters

Norovirus Symptoms

diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

Hepatitis A virus

food prepared by infected food handlers, shellfish from contaminated waters

Hepatitis A virus Symptoms

anorexia, nausea, vomiting

Tapeworms

Raw or undercooked beef, pork, fish from regions with poor sanitary facilities

Tapeworms Symptoms

live cyst, abdominal pain, diarrhea

Toxoplasma gondii

raw or undercooked seafood and meat, unwashed fruits and vegetables

Toxoplasma gondii Symptoms

Most people are asymptomatic, fever, headache, diarrhea, fatal for pregnant women

Cyclospora cayetanensis

water contaminated food, imported produce: raspberries, basil, snow peas

Cyclospora cayetanensis Symptoms

Diarrhea, vomiting, muscle aches

Ciguatera Toxin

Tropical and subtropical fish, ingested toxin-producing algae

Ciguatera Toxin Symptoms

Nausea, vomiting, neurological symptoms

Scombriod Posioning

Tuna, sardine, anchovy

Scombroid Poisoning Symptoms

Rash, diarrhea, headache, vomiting

Ergot

Inappropriately stored grains, rye

Ergot Symptoms

Hallucinations, constricted blood flow to limbs, muscle twitching

Solanine

Potato sprouts, green spots on potato skins

Solanine Symptoms

Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting

Low calorie

Less than 5kcal per serving

Saturated fat free

Less than 0.5g saturated fat and 0.5g trans fatty acids

Low fat

less than 3g

Extra lean

Seafood, poultry, meat with less than 5g total fat, less than 2g saturated fat, and less than 95mg cholesterol

Cholesterol Free

Less than 2mg cholesterol and 2g or less saturated fat

Low cholesterol

20mg or less cholesterol and 2g or less saturated fat

Sugar free

less than 0.5g sugar

Reduced sugar

at least 25% less sugar than orginal

Very low sodium

35mg or less sodium

Low sodium

140mg or less sodium

Light in sodium

At least 50% less sodium than orginal

Fortified

adding nutrients not originally present in food

Enriched

replacing nutrients lost in the processing