09.E BIO, HN Human Chromosomes & Pedigrees (PART E)

Karyotype

A photograph in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size

Sex chromosomes

The pair of chromosomes (X & Y) responsible for determining the sex of an individual

Autosomes

All chromosomes, except the sex chromosomes, that occur in pairs in all somatic cells

X and Y Chromosomes

More than 1200 genes are found on the X chromosome, some of which are shown.

The human Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome and contains only about 140 genes, most of which are associated with male sex determination and sperm development.

Human Pedigrees

A chart used to analyze pattern of inheritance that shows relationship in a family

Common Pedigree Patterns (Autosomal Dominant)

One parent is affected; trait does not skip a generation; only half the children are affected; male and female are affected equally

Common Pedigree Patterns (Autosomal Recessive)

Both parents must be heterozygous or homozygous recessive; trait may skip generations; both males and females are affected equally

Common Pedigree Patterns (X-linked Recessive Traits)

There is NO father to son transmission; trait skips generations; there are more males than females affected