Final Reused Questions

Exam 1 and 2

In which type of secretion does the product bud off along with a thin layer of cytoplasm?
a. paracrine
b. apocrine
c. merocrine
d. holocrine

apocrine

Which organelle has its own circular DNA and an inner membrane that is folded into cristae?
a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. nucleus
c. mitochondria
d. Golgi apparatus

mitochondria

Which are the mononuclear leukocytes that develop from myeloid stem cells?
a. eosinophils
b. lymphocytes
c. monocytes
d. thrombocytes

monocytes

On average, what is the i\=diameter of a human skill cell?
a. 30 nanometers
b. 30 picometers
c. 30 millimeters
d. 30 micrometers

30 micrometers

Which non-lamellar type of bone tissue of formed in embryos and in fracture healing?
a. woven
b. trabecular
c. sharpeys
d. dipole

woven

Which of these terms is not commonly associated with epithelial tissue?
a. contractibility
b. polarity
c. avascularity
d. high mitotic rate

contractibility

What is the fluid extracellular part of the whole blood called?
a. buffy coat
b. osteoid
c. plasma
d. zymogen

plasma

Which cells are associated with mature skeletal muscle fibers and help repair damage?
a. astrocytes
b. satellite cells
c. microglia
d. caveolae

satellite cells

What are the serous cells at the end of a mucous tubule in a compound tubuloacinar gland?
a. theca
b. demilune
c. stroma
d. myoepithelial cell

demilune

The outer nuclear layer contains nuclear regions of which cells?
a. betz cells
b. ganglion cells
c. bipolar cells
d. rods and cones

rods and cones

What statement best describes phase contrast microscopy?
a. it enhances the interference of scattered and direct light and is used for unstained living cells
b. it uses light that is polarized by filters and is used for stained or unstained specimens
c. specific cell components can be labeled with fluorescent stains
d. a laser beam through a pinhole and focuses on only a small part of the specimen at a time

it enhances the interference of scattered and direct light and is used for unstained living cells

Which immature stage of erythropoiesis enters the blood and becomes an erythrocyte?
a. basophilic erythrocyte
b. proerythrocyte
c. normoblast
d. reticulocyte

reticuloctye

Which type of lamellae are located closest to the periosteum?
a. circumferential
b. concentric
c. interstitial
d. cancellous

circumferential

What is a fold of sarcolemma that transits action potentials into a striated muscle cell?
a. muscle spindle
b. sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. transverse tubule
d. sarcomere

transverse tubule

Which nonmembrane-bound organelle has 9 sets of microtubule triplets in circular pattern?
a. glycocalyx
b. lysosome
c. histone
d. centriole

centriole

Which glial cells create myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord?
a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. microglia
d. Schwann cells

oligodendrocytes

At the very beginning of endochondral ossification, which cells develop into osteoblasts?
a. mesenchymal cells
b. hematopoietic cells
c. proteoglycans
d. haversian cells

mesenchymal cells

Which chemical is used in clearing and deparaffinizing steps of the paraffin wax method?
a. ethanol
b. formalin
c. xylene
d. glutaraldehyde

xylene

Which type of agranular leukocyte has a thin crescent of cytoplasm around the nucleus?
a. eosinophiles
b. lymphocyte
c. myeloblasts
d. monocyte

lymphocyte

Which region is central in a A band, has only thick filaments, and shortens on contraction?
a. I band
b. Z disc
c. H zone
d. O zone

H zone

Which protein microfilaments form the terminal web that underlies the apical cell margin?
a. keratin
b. myosin
c. actin
d. tubulin

actin

Which type of sensation is the golgi tendon organ sensory structure associated with?
a. proprioception
b. thermoreceptor
c. olfaction
d. equilibrium

proprioception

Which is the best classification for ripples, wrinkles, and folds in thin sections?
a. intentional artifacts
b. cellular inclusions
c. unavoidable artifacts
d. accidental artifacts

accidental artifacts

Which type of neuron are the pyramidal cells (upper motor neurons) of the cerebrum?
a. multipolar
b. bipolar
c. pseudounipolar
d. ganglion

multipolar

Which sensory structure projects into the cochlear duct (Scala media)?
a. macula lutea
b. otolithic membrane
c. crista ampullaris
d. organ of corti

organ of corti

Which is the best description of type IV collagen?
a. it is present in the matrix of hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage
b. it is also called reticular fibers, forming delicate supporting meshwork
c. it is the most abundant type of collagen in the body, forming tough and resistant bundles
d. it forms the basal lamina part of the basement membrane

it forms the basal lamina part of the basement membrane

Which phagocytic granulocyte is seen in high numbers in response to bacterial infection?
a. monocyte
b. basophils
c. thrombocytes
d. neutrophils

neutrophils

Which organelle produces proteins for lysosomes and integral proteins for cell membrane?
a. centrosome
b. rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. axonone
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which is the only type of muscle to have branching fibers?
a. smooth muscle
b. skeletal muscle
c. cardiac muscle
d. cutaneous muscle

cardiac muscle

What is the name given to the rough endoplasmic reticulum in a neuron cell body?
a. nissl substance/body
b. neutrophil
c. perilymph
d. cupula

nissl substance/body

What is formed when chondrocytes inside a hyaline/elastic cartilage mass divide by mitosis?
a. appositional groups
b. isogenous groups
c. medullary groups
d. cancellous groups

isogenous groups

What is the name of a protective connective tissue sheath that surrounds a nerve fascicle?
a. perineurium
b. endoneurium
c. epineurium
d. meningeal layer

perineurium

In a cell cycle lasting 24 hours, how long does mitosis normally take?
a. 4 hours
b. 8 hours
c. 1 hour
d. 11 hours

1 hour

What are collections of immature blood cells between sinusoids in bone marrow called?
a. osteons
b. ganglia
c. neutrophil
d. cords

cords

In which sectional plane of a hollow structure is a lumen not observed?
a. oblique plane
b. tangential plane
c. longitudinal plane
d. transverse plane

tangential plane

Which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes and contain many lysosomes?
a. plasma cells
b. mast cells
c. fibroblasts
d. macrophages

macrophages

Which type of dense tissue is abundant in the walls of large arteries?
a. dense irregular ct
b. dense regular ct
c. reticular ct
d. elastic ct

elastic ct

What is the name for simple squamous epithelium that lines a body cavity as part of serosa?
a. reticular lamina
b. mesothelium
c. endothelium
d. endocardium

mesothelium

From which primary germ layer does this part of the skin develop?

a. ectoderm

b. mesoderm

c. endoderm

d. periderm

ectoderm

Given that this line is the nuclear envelope, what stage of mitosis is this cell in?

a. prophase

b. anaphase

c. metaphase

d. telophase

prophase

Which junctional complex of the cell can be found in this location?

a. tight junction

b. hemidesmosome

c. desmosome

d. adhesion belt

hemidesmosome

The myelin sheaths in this image are stained black because which stain has been used?

a. Wright’s stain

b. elastic stain

c. osmic acid stain

d. periodic acid-schiff stain

osmic acid stain

These nuclei belong to serous acini that are made up of cells of which type of epithelium? (kidney)

a. simple cuboidal epithelium

b. simple squamous epithelium

c. simple columnar epithelium

d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

This nucleus belongs to which type of resident cell that is found in connective tissue?

a. mast cell

b. fibroblast

c. plasma cell

d. macrophage

mast cell

Which layer would be the best place to look for dense irregular connective tissue?

a.

b.

c.

d.

b.

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate are these cells in?

a. zone of reserve

b. zone of calcification

c. zone of hypertrophy

d. zone of proliferation

zone of hypertrophy

Identify this tissue:

a. skeletal muscle in cross section

b. visceral smooth muscle in cross section

c. multi-unit smooth muscle in cross section

d. cardiac muscle in cross section

cardiac muscle in cross section

Which structures line the lumen of the epididymis and form part of the hair cells of an ampulla of a semicircular canal?

a. cilia

b. flagella

c. stereocilia

d. microvilli

stereocilia

Which layer is this?

a. granular layer of cerebellum

b. molecular layer of cerebellum

c. pyramidal layer of cerebellum

d. purkinje layer of cerebellum

molecular layer of cerebellum

Identify this tissue: (epiglottis)

a. elastic cartilage

b. fibrocartilage

c. woven cartilage

d. hyaline cartilage

elastic cartilage

What are these structures?

a. eccrine sweat glands

b. pacinian corpuscles

c. serous acini

d. hair follicles

\

eccrine sweat glands

Identify this layer:

a. stratum basale

b. stratum corneum

c. stratum granulosum

d. stratum spinosum

stratum spinosum

Which stage of development is this tooth in?

a. bud

b. bell

c. cap

d. maturation

bell

Identify these lingual papillae on the dorsum of the tongue:

a. filiform papillae

b. foliate papillae

c. circumvallate papillae

d. fungiform papillae

foliate papillae

Which is the correct identification for these glands?

a. brunner’s glands

b. esophageal glands proper

c. gastric cardiac glands

d. esophageal cardiac proper

esophageal glands proper

Which nervous plexus is this ganglion part of ?

a. myenteric (Auerbach) plexus

b. lamellar (Pacinian) plexus

c. lymphoid (Peyer) plexus

d. submucosal (Meissner) plexus

myenteric (Auerbach) plexus

Which two areas are shown in this image

a. esophagus and stomach

b. duodenum and jejunum

c. stomach and duodenum

d. ileum and colon

stomach and duodenum

What are these elongate structures that line the lumen?

a. pilcae

b. haustra

c. rugae

d. villi

villi

Which structures do these lumens belong to?

a. circumanal glands

b. blood vessels

c. sebaceous glands

d. lymphatic vessels

circumanal glands

Which organ is this?

a. colon

b. appendix

c. rectum

d. gallbladder

\

appendix

Which portal triad structure does this lumen belong to?

a. lymphatic vessel

b. hepatic artery

c. bile duct

d. portal vein

hepatic artery

This lumen belongs to an interlobular duct of which organ?

a. parotid gland

b. submandibular gland

c. sublingual gland

d. pancreas

pancreas

Ceruminous glands in the ear canal and glands of moll of the eyelid have what in common?
a. they are both endocrine glands
b. they are both modified sebaceous glands
c. they are both modified apocrine sweat glands
d. they are both compound tubuloacinar type glands

they are both modified apocrine sweat glands

Where in the oral cavity can masticatory mucosa be found?
a. inner surface of the cheek
b. soft palate
c. outer surface of the cheek
d. hard palate

hard palate

Which gastric cell type has a tubulovesicular system and intracellular canaliculus?
a. paneth cells
b. chief cell
c. parietal cell
d. muscous neck cell

parietal cell

Which absorptive cells are most numerous within the epithelial lining of the small intestine?
a. enterocytes
b. lymphocytes
c. goblet cells
d. plasma cells

enterocytes

Peyers patches are aggregated groups of which type of structure?
a. lymphatic nodules
b. blood vessels
c. nerve ganglia
d. glandular acini

lymphatic nodules

Which sphincter is made of skeletal muscle?
a. ileocecal sphincter
b. external anal sphincter
c. internal anal sphincter
d. pyloric sphincter

external anal sphincter

The production of which vitamin begins in the skin during exposure to sunlight?
a. vitamin D
b. Vitamin C
c. vitamin K
d. vitamin C

vitamin D

Which statement is true regarding the vermilion zone of the lip?
a. it is the last hair-bearing skin of the face before it transitions to a mucous membrane
b. it includes both sweat glands and minor salivary glands
c. it lacks salivary glands but does have eccrine sweat glands
d. it lacks sweat glands and salivary glands and is prone to drying out

it lacks sweat glands and salivary glands is prone to drying out

Which type of epithelium lines the main lumen of the stomach and intestines?
a. simple cuboidal epithelium
b. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
c. simple columnar epithelium
d. stratified squamous epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

A Kupffer cell is a macrophage found in which organ?

a. parotid gland

b. liver

c. stomach

d. pancreas

liver

Which is the correct order of parotid gland structure?
a. serous acinus, interlobular duct, striated duct, intercalated duct, main excretory duct
b. serous acinus, striated duct, intercalated duct, interlobular duct, main excretory duct
c. serous acinus, intercalated duct, interlobular duct, striated duct, main excretory duct
d. serous acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct, interlobular duct, main excretory duct

serous acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct, interlobular duct, main extracellular duct

What is located in the middle of a hepatic (classic) lobule?
a. hepatic artery
b. central vein
c. bile canaliculus
d. portal vein

central vein

Melanocytes and merkel cells are most associated with which layer?
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum spinosum
c. stratum lucidum
d. stratum basale

stratum basale

Which enamel-producing cells are lost during growth and development?
a. cementoblasts
b. ameloblasts
c. odontoblasts
d. fibroblasts

ameloblasts

Gastric pits and glands are most associated with which layer of the organ wall?
a. muscularis externa
b. mucosa
c. serosa
d. submucosa

mucosa

Microvilli of which parenchymal cells extend into the subsinusoidal space of disse?
a. centroacinar cells
b. enterocytes
c. hepatocytes
d. microfold cells

hepatocytes

What do eyelash follicles not have that hair follicles of the arm do have?
a. blood vessels
b. exocrine glands
c. arrector pili
d. free nerve endings

arrector pili

How do paneth cells of the small intestine help protect against bacteria?
a. they secrete antimicrobial chemicals that can damage bacteria
b. they act as phagocytes and engulf bacteria
c. they secrete mucus and make it hard for bacteria to reach the gut lining
d. they produce antibodies that tag the bacteria for attack by macrophages

they secrete antimicrobial chemicals that can damage bacteria

Which is the connective tissue region inside a hair bulb that contains blood capillaries?
a. hair matrix
b. glassy membrane
c. hair papilla
d. hair cortex

hair papilla

Isthmus, neck, and base are the three areas of which type of structure?
a. islet of Langerhans
b. crypt of Lieberkühn
c. gastric gland
d. internal root sheath

gastric glands

How many taeniae coli are observed in a cross-section of the colon wall?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four

three

In the eye, what do we see happen to lens fibers as they mature?
a. they become more columnar in shape
b. they lose their nucleus and other organelles
c. they become filled with pigment granules
d. they migrate to the outer edges of the lens

they become more columnar in shape

Which of the following is a reliable way to recognize paneth cells?
a. look for a eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm
b. look for a brush border of cilia on the apical margins
c. look for cells that contain two nuclei
d. look for basophilic granules in the cytoplasm

look for eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm

Bowmans membrane and Descemet's membrane lie next to stroma in which structure?
a. eyelid
b. tongue
c. hair root
d. cornea

cornea

Where in the body would you expect to find serous von ebners glands?
a. cecum
b. armpit
c. lip
d. tongue

tongue

Which is the innermost part of the tooth, where blood vessel and nerves are found?
a. crown
b. enamel
c. pulp
d. dentin

pulp

Which type of epithelium lines the lumens of a lacteal?
a. simple columnar
b. simple cuboidal
c. stratified cuboidal
d. simple squamous

simple squamous

Which organ has an oblique muscle layer as well as the circular and longitudinal layers?
a. duodenum
b. colon
c. esophagus
d. stomach

stomach

What does the wall of the gallbladder have in common with the wall of the pharynx?
a. they both lack a submucosa
b. they both contain skeletal muscle
c. they are both covered by serosa
d. they are both covered by adventitia

they both lack a submucosa

Which substance is the hardest and has the highest percentage of inorganic content?
a. bone
b. dentin
c. cementum
d. enamel

enamel

Which of these definitions most accurately describes eponychium?
a. the proximal nail fold which is often called cuticle
b. the connective tissue area deep to the nail plate that is rich in blood vessels
c. the tough epithelium covering the gums in the mouth around the teeth
d. the skin underneath the free edge of a nail

the proximal nail fold which is often called the cuticle

this middle-sized salivary gland produces lots of both serous and mucous saliva secretions?
a. sublingual gland
b. lacrimal gland
c. submandibular gland
d. parotid gland

submandibular

Which best describes the layer furthest from the lumen in the upper third of the esophagus?
a. longitudinal layer; skeletal muscle
b. longitudinal layer; smooth muscle
c. circular layer; skeletal muscle
d. circular layer; smooth muscle

longitudinal layer; skeletal muscle

Which organelles give striated ducts their striated appearance?
a. rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
c. golgi apparatus
d. centrosomes

mitochondria

Which are the only papillae of the tongue that lack taste buds?
a. circumvallate
b. filiform
c. foliate
d. fungiform

filiform

Which region of the dermis is located closest to the hypodermis?
a. medullary
b. papillary
c. reticular
d. germinativum

reticular

Which pairing does the glassy membrane part of a hair follicle separate?

a. medulla and cortex

b. henles layer and huxleys layer

c. external root sheath and dermal root sheath

d. internal root sheath and external root sheath

external root sheath and dermal root sheath

Which encapsulated sensory structures can sometimes be found in dermal papillae?
a. Pacinian corpuscles
b. Meissner corpuscles
c. Langerhans corpuscles
d. Auerbach corpuscles

Meissner's corpuscles