Urinary system test banks

The urinary system excretes carbon containing wastes form the body

False

Which if the following is the functional unit of the kidney

Nephron

Central collecting chamber where urine is collected before entering the ureter.

Renal Pelvis

Extensions of cortical tissue between the renal pyramids.

Renal Columns

Tip of the renal pyramid where urine is expelled into the renal pelvis.

Papilla

Small cup-like structures that collect urine from the renal papillae.

Minor calyces

Extensions of the renal pelvis that collect urine from the minor calyces.

Major calyces

Medullary structures containing nephron loops and collecting ducts.

Renal pyramids

Outer layer of the kidney containing nephrons.

Renal cortex

Tufts of capillaries where filtration of blood occurs.

Glomeruli

Artery that carries blood away from the glomerulus.

Efferent arteriole

Tuft of capillaries involved in blood filtration.

Glomerulus

Artery that supplies blood to the renal cortex.

Cortical Radiate artery

Artery that carries blood into the glomerulus.

Afferent arteriole

Artery that forms an arch along the corticomedullary junction.

Arcuate artery

Artery that travels between the renal pyramids.

Interlobar artery

Artery that branches off from the renal artery and enters the hilum.

Segmental artery

Artery that branches off from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the kidney.

Renal artery

A pH of 8.5 would be normal for urine.

True

Presence of glucose in the urine, often indicative of diabetes mellitus.

Glycosuria

Presence of compounds in the urine, indicating abnormal fat metabolism.

Ketonuria

Presence of leukocytes in the urine, suggesting urinary tract infection or inflammation.

Pyuria

Presence due to hemolysis or breakdown of red blood cells.

Hemoglobinuria

Presence of protein in the urine, indicating kidney dysfunction or damage.

Albuminuria

Presence of erythrocytes in the urine.

Hematuria

Out of the following molecules, select the ones that you would expect to be filtered by the filtration membrane of the glomeruli.

Water and Sodium

A physician suspects kidney damage but wants to order a urinalysis to confirm. Select the result that would be definitive for glomerular disease.

Red Blood Cells and Albumin Protein

What are the two primary components of the immune complex that can get trapped in the glomeruli

Antibodies and Antigens

Select the molecule that attracts the white blood cells, releasing enzymes and leading to destruction of the glomeruli.

Complement

The glomeruli are damaged by the streptococcus pyogenes infection itself, which leads to inflammation and subsequent leakage of larger molecular weight substances into the renal tubules and, ultimately, into the urine.

False (Gm)