Humanities Final Exam

Sexuality

Sexuality

Feelings and activities connected with a persons sexual desires

Michel Foucault

• Wrote History of Sexuality (1976)

• Influenced historians to study modern homosexuality

• Sexuality is a social construct

John D’Emilio

Connected the development of modern gay identity to 19th century urbanization and industrialization

David Halperin

• Homosexuality has only been around for 100 years

• Using a modern lens to view sexuality is poor scholarship

• Views sexual histories though queer lens

Eve Sedgwick

• Argued the history of homosexuality isn’t a minority history, its modern Western Culture

• Coined minoritizing, universalizing

Jonathan Ned Katz

• Wants to strip heterosexuality of its normalizing power

• The term “Heterosexuality” has changed meaning overtime from morbid to normal

Heteronormatvity

The assumption that everyone is 'naturally' heterosexual, and that heterosexuality is an ideal, superior to homosexuality or bisexuality.

Henry Gerber, Society For Human Rights

• First gay rights org in the USA

• Disbanded in 1925 because of police raids

“Pansy Craze”

Period of increased LGBT visibility in American culture from 1920s-1930s. Drag Queens surged in popularity.

Pink Triangle

Pink triangles were originally used in concentration camps to identify gay prisoners.

Alfred Kinsey

• Father of the sexual revolution (gay biology)

• Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948)

Lavender Scare

Moral panic about homosexual people in the United States government which led to their mass dismissal from government service

Homophile Movement

• Term for main organizations supporting sexual minorities in the 1950s to 1960s around the world.

• Mattachine Society mean to improve lives of gay men

APA

American Psychological Association (1952)

Executive Order 10450

President Eisenhower, Banned LGBTQ people from any government job

Sip-in

• LGBT people visited bars, declared they were gay, and waited to be kicked out so they could sue.

• They were denied service at Greenwich Village taverns, resulting in publicity and reversal of anti-gay liquor laws.

Stonewall Inn

• June 28 1969

• NYC Police raided Stonewall Inn and patrons fought back

• Protest lasted 5 more days.

Christopher Street Liberation Day

• Americas first Gay Pride Parade

• Commemorates 1 year anniversary of Stonewall

Gilbert Baker

Designed gay pride flag

AIDS

• AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

• National March on Washington

• Ryan White Care Act

Don't Ask Don't Tell

Passed in 1993 by President Clinton, allowed Gay people to serve in the military as long as it was kept secret.

Marriage Rights (DC)

DC allowed gay couples to register as domestic partners

Marriage Rights (Hawaii)

A court in Hawaii ruled that a ban on gay marriage was unconstitutional but state voters passed a law banning same-sex marriage.

Defense of Marriage Act

• Signed by President Clinton in 1996

• Banned federal recognition of same-sex marriage by limiting the definition of marriage to the union of one man and one woman

Proposition 8

• Passed in 2008 by California

• Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Decriminalised homosexual SEXUAL relationships nationwide

Matthew Shepard Act

Expanded hate crimes legislation to include protections for violent acts based on actual or perceived gender, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity

Obergefell v. Hodges

Legalized gay marriage

Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado

Jack Philip, a baker, didn’t have to serve gay couple for their wedding cake

Social Classes (WIEO)

Grouping based on wealth, income, education, and occupation.

Social Mobility

The ability of individuals to move up or down the social ladder based on factors like education, occupation, and income

• Intergenerational Mobility

• Structural Mobility

• Exchange Mobility

American Dream

• Coined by James Truslow in “Epic of America”

• Belief that anyone can be successful if they work hard

Horatio Alger

Wrote stories of poor boys who climb the ladder through hard work in the United States

Karl Marx

Defined Social classes by relationship to means of production

Class consciousness

Beliefs that a person holds regarding their social class or economic rank in society

Antonio Gramsci

• Believed Americans value work too highty and think it is a moral good

• Meritocracy is a myth

Max Weber

• Divided society into those who own land/don’t own land

• Created the term “lifestyle”

Gilbert-Kahl Model of class

see image

Educational attainment

• Defined as the highest degree a person obtained

• Direct impact on job and income

• Tied to social class

Identity Politics

• Ex: Politicians appealing to class identity to gain support

C. Wright Mills

Elites in society control the three dominant institutions in the US:

• Military

• Economy

• Federal Gov.

Edward Digby Baltzell, Jr

• Coined term “WASPS” - White Anglo-Saxon Protestant

• Believed that the protestant aristocracy denied skilled minorities into their class and damaged the country

William Donhoff

• An “elite power” in the US wilds all the power and no decisions are made without it