Community Health Nursing

Is a field of nursing practice where services are delivered outside of purely curative institutions

Community Health Nursing

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According to Dr. Margaret Shetland, the philosophy of Community Health Nursing

worth and dignity of a man

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family

the unit of service

The goal of CHN is achieved through ________

multi- sectoral efforts

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One of the features of CHN is there is greater control for both the __________ in making decisions related to health care

the nurse and the client

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In CHN, collaboration between nurse and client as equals

True

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In CHN, the client is considered as PASSIVE partner and NOT ACTIVE recipient of care.

False

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Which are the Characteristics of Community Health

I. It is a specialty field of nursing.

II. Its practice combines public health with nursing.

III. It is population based.

IV. It emphasizes on wellness and other than disease or Illness.

V. It does not include inter-disciplinary collaboration.

VI. It amplifies nurses' responsibility and self- care.

I, II, III, IV

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How does Nightingales Environmental Theory relate to CHN?

External influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death.

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a theoretical model that can be used to guide health promotion and disease prevention where it explains that people will not change their behaviors unless they believe

Health belief Model (HBM)

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"a main determinant for unhealthful behavioral choice is lack of knowledge."

Milio's Framework of Prevention

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Pender's Health Promotion Model focuses on these areas:

I. Individual characteristics and experiences

II. behavior-specific cognitions and affect

III. design health programs

IV. behavioral outcomes

V. design health programs

I, II, IV

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It is a cost-benefit evaluation framework that helps program planners, policymakers, and other evaluators, analyze situations and design health programs efficiently.

Lawrence Green's PRECEDE-PROCEEDMODEL

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PRECEDE stands for what?

Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation

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PROCEED stands for

Policy, Regulatory and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development

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Identify the health determinants of the identified problems and set priorities and goals.

Epidemiological assessment

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Community Mental Health Nursing aims at promoting the health of school children and preventing health problems that would hinder theirlearning and performance of their developmental

False

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Occupational Health Nursing

focuses on ____________ of worker's health

promotion, protection, and restoration

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community

group of people sharing common geographic boundaries and/or common values and interest.

is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment.

Urban

areas are lower density areas that separate residential and commercial areas from one another.

Suburban

Also known as countryside, is geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.

Rural

Characteristics of a Healthy Community:

1. Awareness that "we are community"

2. Conservation of natural resources

3. Recognition of , and respect for, the existence of subgroups

4. Participation of subgroups in community affairs

5. Preparation to meet crises

6. Ability to problem-solve

7. Communication through open channels

8. Resources available to all

9. Setting of disputes through legitimate mechanisms

10. Participation of citizens in decision making Wellness of high degree among its members

All of the above

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Which of the following is/are not a component of the community?

1.Environment

2.People

3.Social System

4.Culture

5.Economy

6.Quality of life

3

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Population variables

these are variables that affect the health of the community include the size density, composition, rate of growth or decline, cultural characteristics, mobility, social class, and education level.

Social system

A condition in the community affecting health where it is how they interact / link with one another

identifies needs and priorities, and problems of individuals, families, and communities

Planner/Programmer

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motivates and enhances community participation in terms of planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating health servi9ces

Community Organizer

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coordinates with government and non government organization in the implementation of studies

Researcher

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provides direct nursing care to sick, or disabled in the home, clinic, school, or workplace

Provider of Nursing Care

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coordinates with individuals, families, and groups for health related services provided by various members of the health team

Coordinator of Services

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identifies and interprets training needs of the RHMs, Barangay Health workers (BHW), and hilots

Trainer/Health Educator/Counselor

detects deviation from health of individuals, families, groups, and communities through contacts/visits with them

Health Monitor

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motivates changes in health behavior in individuals, families, groups, and communities that also include lifestyle in order to promote and maintain health

Change Agent

provides good example of healthful living to the members of the community

Role Model

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Demography

science that deals with the study of the human population size, affectedbybirths,deaths and migration; composition (structure of the population) and distribution in space.

Which of the ff is the Importance of demography in CHN:

1. To know how large the populationisinacommunity

2. Characteristics of the populationthat makesthem exposed to certain health conditions

3. Helps to determine the nature andmagnitudeofexisting and potential community healthproblemsif he posses the knowledge about the pop

All of the above

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done when people are assigned to the place they usually lives in regardless de factoof where they are at the time of the census.

de jure method

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people are assigned to the place where they are physically present at the time of the census regardless of their usual place of residence

de facto

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Scenario: In 2019, the population rose to 555,000. What is the absolute increase per year of the population in Iloilo if the it had a population of 155,000 in 2016?

: There were 133,333.33 people added to the population per year.

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Scenario: A census was conducted year 2022 with a population size increase to 555,000. Determine the relative increaseinpopulation of the 4th district. In 2019, a census was conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority at the 4th Congressional District of Iloilo with a population size of 155,000.

2.57

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compares the number of males to the number of females in the population.

Sex composition

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divides the population into two equal parts. So, if the median age is said to be19 years old, it means half of the population belongs to 19 years and above, while the other half belongs to ages below 19 years old

Median Age

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compares the number of economically dependent with economically productive group in the population.

Dependency Ratio

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are considered productive age group

15 - 64 years old

Urban-Rural Distribution

simply illustrates the proportion of people living in urban compared to the rural areas

Crowding index

describe the ease by which a communicable disease can be transmitted from one host to another susceptible host. This described by dividing the number of persons in a household with the number of rooms used by the family for sleeping.

Population density

determine how congested a place is. It can be computed by dividing the number of people living in a given land area.

only a rough measure of fertility in the population since it makes use of the mid-year population (which ignores the number of men and women incapable of child bearing) as its denominator

Crude birth rate

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This rate is considered one of the most sensitive indices of the health conditions obtained in a population and are associated with acute communicable diseases and such factors as poor environmental sanitation and poor hygiene

Infant mortality Rate

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The total number of deaths to residents in a specified geographic area (country, state, county, etc.) divided by the total population for the same geographic area (for a specified time period, usually a calendar year) and multiplied by 1,000

Crude death rate

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defined as the death of a mother directly due to pregnancy, labor and puerperium within 90 days of delivery.

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE

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The number of deaths from a specified cause per 1,000 person-years at risk. The numerator is typically restricted to resident deaths in a specific geographic area.

specific rate of mortality

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Refers to the number of years a person can expect to live.

Life expectancy

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Which of the following is true

I. life expectancy 2019 is at 71 years

II. 39% of the population was estimated to be in 0-14 age group

III. 5% were 60 years old and above

I, II, III

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the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

Epidemiology

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refers not only to the number of health events such as the number of cases of meningitis or diabetes in a population, but also to the relationship of that number to the size of the population.

Frequency

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refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person.

Pattern

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an infection is said to be endemic in a population when that infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographic area without external inputs.

ENDEMIC

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is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time.

EPIDEMIC

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refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

SPORADIC

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an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affects a significant proportion of the population.

PANDEMIC

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herd immunity

occurs when a high percentage of the community is immune to a disease

SEASONAL VARIATION

In time series, that part of the movement which is assigned to the effect of the seasons on the year, (e.g. seasonal variation in rainfall)

SECULAR TREND

describes the occurrence of disease over a prolonged period, usually years

the process of infecting or the state of being infected.

Infection

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the period between the initial infection and the onset of signs and symptoms

Incubation Period

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agents that can cause infection or an infectious disease

Infectious agent

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an illness due to a pathogen or its toxic product, which arises through transmission from an infected person, an infected animal, or a contaminated inanimate object to a susceptible host.

Infectious Disease

an infectious agent or germ and refers to a virus, bacteria, or other microbe

Source of Infection

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a person who gets the disease from an exposure

Contact

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individuals who contracted the illness through exposure to a primary case, rather than the outbreak source itself

Secondary Case

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likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing

Susceptible

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Carrier

a person who can pass an inherited (genetic) disease on to their children but who does not have the disease

Contact

most common form of transmitting diseases and virus

the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or something else undesirable

Incidence

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the process or fact of isolating or being isolated

isolation

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a state, period, or place of isolation in which people or animals that may have been exposed to infectious disease are placed.

Quarantine

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Host

acts as a biological refuge in which another - often parasitic - organism may dwell

A function of Epidemiology Nurse is to Implement public health surveillance

true

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A function of Epidemiology Nurse is to Assist in the conducted of rapid survey and surveillance during disasters

true

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A function of Epidemiology Nurse is to Conduct and/or assist an outbreak

false

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A function of Epidemiology Nurse is to Assist in the conduct of training course in family lanning

false

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A function of Epidemiology Nurse is to be Responsible for inventory and maintenance of epidemiology and surveillance unit (ESU) equipment

True

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are those which assist in the development of (or in recovery from) the disease

Enabling factors

are the factors which create a state of susceptibility, making the host vulnerable to the agent. These are age, sex and previous illnesses

Predisposing factors

are those which aggravate an already existing disease, e.g. malnutrition, repeated exposures.

Reinforcing factors

are those which are associated with immediate exposure to the disease agent or onset of disease,

Precipitating factors

are the conditions, quality or attributes, the presence of which increases the chances of an individual to have, develop or be adversely affected by a disease process.

Risk factors

postulates that every human disease is caused by a microbe or germ, which is specific for that disease and one must be able to isolate the microbe from the diseased human being.

Germ Theory

Primary prevention

seeks to prevent a disease or condition at a pre-pathologic state; to stop something from ever happening

Secondary prevention

focuses on individuals who experience health problems or illnesses and who are at risk of developing complication.

Tertiary prevention

occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions direct at preventing complications and deteriorations.

The standard model of infectious disease causation under the epidemiological triad theory states that an external agent can cause diseases on a susceptible host when there is a conducive environment.

Epidemiological Triad

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The theory visualizes human disease in the form of a wheel, which has a central hub representing the genetic components and the peripheral portion representing the environmental component.

Wheel Theory

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Refers to the interplay of agent (causative etiologic factor), host possessing intrinsic factors) and the environment (extrinsic factors)

Ecologic Model

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is its ability to cause disease

pathogenicity of an agent

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refers to the severity of infection which can be expressed by describing the morbidity (incidence of disease) and mortality (death rate) of the infection.

Virulence

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is the site where it resides, metabolizes, and multiplies.

Reservoir of an organism

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the agent is spread directly, indirectly or by airborne droplets.

Contact transmission

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