L4: Neuro Ventricles Choroid Plexus

2 lateral ventricles (largest)

1 3rd ventricle

1 4th ventricle

The cerebral ventricles are composed of:

Hydrocephalus

Accumulation of fluid in a ventricle is known as

1. Choroid Plexus (in lat. ventricles & produces CDF)

2. Monro Foramen

3. Sylvian aqueduct

4. Luschka Foramen

5. Magendie Foramen

6. Subarachnoid Space

What is the order of blood flow in the ventricles?

Choroid Plexus

This structure is a network of fenestrated capillaries lined by specialized, ciliated ependymal cells

Area Postrema

This structure in the 4th ventricle lacks a BBB and is a “vomiting center”

1. ependymal cells (lines CP)

2. Pial layer

3. Fenestrated endothelium

What are the 3 structures of the choroid plexus

1. meningitis

2. trauma

3. tumors (meningioma and glioma/common in dogs)

If there are RBCs in the CSF this could indicate what (name 3 things)?

False: The CSF covers the entire CNS (brain + spinal cord)

T/F The CSF covers the spine and spinal cord only.

Disease, virus, bacteria, invader, etc. trying to breach CSF.

What does an increase in protein levels indicate in the CSF?

less

chloride; sodium

In dogs, the CSF has (less/more) glucose & protein compared to horses and more ___ & ___ compared to horses

70%

lateral ventricles (bigger in horse)

In dogs, the 4th ventricle produces ___ of CSF, but in horses the ____ ____ produce 70-80% of CSF.

Choroid plexus; cranium

Arterial pulsation where can affect CSF flow?

False: CSF movement is synchronized w/ the heartbeat

T/F: CSF movement is synchronized w/ breathing.

Incrs CO2 leads to decrs in pH(acidosis) which stimulates cerebral vasodilation (bc. smooth m. relax) and thus leads to an increase in CSF blood flow

Why does hypercapnia (incrs. CO2) incrs. blood flow?

True

T/F: Lesions like an abscess or tumor on the spinal cord will not affect CSF flow. Signs don’t show until the spinal cord loses ~50% of its diameter

1. dura mater

2. arachnoid mater

3. pia mater

Name the 3 meninges in order from most superficial to deepest.

epidural space

subdural space

Name the spaces above and below the dura mater respectively:

Meningeal Cuffs

Are extensions of the pia mater that wrap around blood vessels as they enter the CNS

They hug the vessel tightly and do not normally contain fluid like CSF. Think more of a solid sleeve than a hole.

Bc. the dorsal sagittal sinus is seated here

Why is there no mengeal space in the falx cerebri?

Outer layer: Periosteal

Inner layer: Meningeal

What are the 2 membranes of the dura mater?

Denticulate Ligament

What structure in the subdural space suspends the spinal cord?

Cerebellomedullary Cistern (aka atlanto-occipital space)

What cistern in the subarachnoid spaces is commonly utilized in dogs for CSF collection?

Lumbosacral space

What cistern in the subarachnoid spaces is commonly utilized in horses for CSF collection?