ENTOMOLOGY EXAM 4- FINAL

social in the context of social insects means what

cooperative behavior

2 types of social insects

1. subsocial

2. eusocial

subsocial insect

less teamwork and sharing of reproductive roles

eusocial insect

diversion of reproductive labor, some breed and some don’t

example of eusocial insects

termites, bees, wasps

• orders: blattodea & hymenoptera

• families: termitidae, apidae, vespidae, ichneumonidae

3 requirements for eusociality

1. division of labor with a caste system (reproductive being the highest caste)

2. cooperation- helping another reproduce

3. overlap of genetics

what are the main eusocial insects?

ants

order hymenoptera

family formicidae

T/F- All termite socieities are eusocial

T

T/F all termite males and females are equally present

T

T/F- nymphal stages are active helpers in termite societies

T

what is the sociability of many bees?

subsocial, but most are solitary

example of eusocial hymenoptera

• some bees

• all ants

• some wasps

T/F - all ant species are eusocial

T

How many ant queens per colony in most species?

1

T/F- most queen ants are intiially winged, shed after mating

T

All ant workers are what gender?

female

monomorphic workers mean

one type

leafcutter ant societies nest most commonly where?

in the ground

Leaf cutter ants cultivate what on cuttings?

fungus on cuttings in underground chambers They feed on fungus fruiting bodies and have enormous nests

carpenter ant socieities nest where?

in plants

domatia

plants grow spaces for nests; ants provide protection

weaver ants do what with leaves?

pull leaves together with silk but only larvae can produce silk

where do army ants nest?

temporary shelters, they are nomades

supercolonies-

have multiple queens

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T/F- honey bee workers are monomorphic

T

T/F- honey bee workers live 4-6 weeks in summer, fall individual will overwinter

T

T/F - honey bee workers have a stinger that can only be used once

T

honey bee workers

• hive bees- young workers

• older bees- forage for food

honey bee is a genus of how many species?

6 or 7

what bee was domesticed and has become essential to modern agriculture?

western honey bee

honey comb

chambers made out of wax from abdominal glands

• purpose is to develop larvae and hold nectar and pollen

honey bee males

• short lived

• also called “drones”

• only role to mate with virgin queens

how do honeybees communicate?

waggle dance

waggle dance

• done by honey bees

• figure 8

• length of straight portion= distance from source is in terms of energy expended

• angle of the straight portion w/ respect to gravity = direction

• head up = toward sun

• head down = opposite sun

how is a honey bee queen determined

by additional feeding during development

royal jelly

• increased sugar concentration,

• gland products,

• and royalactin (signal protein)

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mites attach what of the honey bee?

trachael system, very prevelant in the abdomen

CCD

colony collapse disorder is when disappearing worker caste, they just leave and dont come back

“killer bees” afracanized honey bees

• hybrid between european honey bees and african honey bee

the killer bee aricanized honey bee is more agrassive than what?

the european honey bee

what are possible caused of CCD?

• pathogens

• managements

• environmental

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benefits of hymenoptera

• pollination

• pest control

• soil development/ aeration

Hamuli

hooks on hind wings, attatch forewing

mouthparts of hymenoptera are what

chewing and sucking

hymenoptera has what kind of waist

wasp waist

hymenoptera femals have what ploidy?

femdiploid (2n)- arise from fertilized eggs

hymenoptera males have what ploidy?

haploid (1n)- arise from unfertilized eggs

the ploidy of hymenoptera is enabled by what?

spermatheca

broad waist hymenoptera suborder?

symphyta

narrow waist hymenoptera suborder?

apocrita

what suborder is this?

• saw like ovipositor that saws out wood than lays egg

symphyta

what family is this?

cimbicidae - cimbicid sawflies

what family is this?

siricidae - horntails/ siricid wood wasp

what family has a horntail as a diagnostic feature?

siricidae

mesosoma

thorax + segment 1 of the abdomen

metasoma

abdominal segments 2+

what superfamily is this?

Cynipoidea- gall Wasps

what superfamily is this?

Ichneumonidae – Ichneumon Wasps

what family is this?

Braconidae – Braconid Wasps

stinging hymenoptera

Ovipositor converted into a
true sting –
• Offensive & defensive
function
• Associated venom glands

Egg laid at base of ovipositor
rather than the tip as in other
hymenopterans

Males have no ovipositor,
males don’t sting
Suborder Symphyta
- Cimbicidae
- Siricidae
Suborder Apocrita
- Cynipoidea
- Chalcidoidea
- [Ichneumonoidea]
- Ichneumonidae
- Braconidae
-[Aculeata]
-[Chyridoidea]
- Chrysididae
-[Vespoidea]
- Vespidae
- Formicidae
- Pompilidae
- Mutillidae
[Apoidea]
- Sphecidae
- Apidae
- Megachilidae

Name the suborder and family, and diagnostic features for each.

• Suborder Symphyta (broad waist);

• family Siricidae,

• horntail (spine at tip of abdomen) but

29

27

Name the order, suborder, and family and a diagnostic feature for each.

• Hymenoptera (hamuli),

• Apocrita (wasp waist),

• Vespidae, paper wasp;

• fore wings longitudinally folded

Name the family and common name for the genus, and a diagnostic feature for each.

Apidae (3 submarginal cells), honey bee (medium size, orange & black coloration)

2. Name the family and a diagnostic feature.

Formicidae- army ant

• abdomen with nodose/humped petiole

Name the suborder and family, and diagnostic features for each.

• Suborder Symphyta (broad waist);

• family Siricidae,

• horntail (spine at tip of abdomen)

Name the superfamily that made this.

Cynipoidea (gall wasp galls)

Name the family and a diagnostic feature.

Ichneumonidae, ichneumon wasp (forewing 2nd m-cu present, "horse/seal head" pattern in fore wing

• more curved antennae

Name the superfamily and a dognostic feature

)

Chalcidoidea, fairy watp (metallic euleration, radoond forewing venation offen with a characteristic vein sub

name the family and a diagnostic feature

Braconidae- braconid wasps

• appearance if horse head with a bridle in wing

Name the family.

Vespidae, hormet, (fore wings fongitudinally folded)

Name the family, common name for the genus, and a diagnostic feature for this genus

Apidae, bumble bee (large, "hairy" including the top of the abdomen)

. Name two farsilies that have at least some members that use mul to build netsts. (n.1. 3 if you include organ pipe mud daubers]

Sphecidae, Vespidae

Name the family and a diagnostic feature.

)

Mutillidae, (velvet ant, bright colors, loss of wings in female

. Name the family.

Vespidae, hornet, fore wings longitudinally folded

Name the family and a diagnostic feature

Megachilidae, leaf cutter bee, (poilen stored on abdominal scopa/tong hairs)

Name the family and a diagnostic feature. What does it feed on as a larva?

pompilidae- spider wasps

• larvae are parasitoids of spiders. 1 spider per larvae

Name the funily

Siricidae – Horntails/Siricid Wood Wasp

Name the family.

Sphecidae – sphecids, mud daubers, etc

Name the family.

Pompilidae- spider wasp

Naine the family and a diagnostic character.

Megachilidae – Megachilid Bees

• pollon collecting hairs on abdomen

Name the family and a common name for the genus.

Apidae, Carpenter bee

?

Braconidae ?

Name the family

Mutillidae – Velvet Ants

Name the suborder, family and diagnostic features

)

• suborder symphyta

• Cimbicidae, cimbicid wasp (large, stout, clubbed antennas

name the family and a diagnostic feature

pompilidae- swallowtail

name the family

Noctuidae

name the family

Nocturnidae

name the family-15

Nymphalidae: Brush-Footed Butterflie

name the family

pieridae

name the roder and a 2 diagnostic features of the larval stage (can you see the crochets?)

• lepidoptera

• disperse stemmata

• 5 pairs or prolegs or fewer

name the family and a diagnostic feature-12

sessiidae: clearwing moths

name the family and a diagnostic feature-11

Hesperiidae: skippers

• antenna tip often curved

name the family and a diagnostic feature-10

nymphalidae:- brush footed butterflies

-reduced front legs

name the family and a diagnostic feature

pieridae