Philosophy Midterm – Quizlet Flashcards (Full Set)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards encompassing key philosophical concepts from Aristotle, Plato, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Mill, and Nietzsche.

Virtue

An acquired disposition to act excellently.

Doctrine of the Mean

Virtue lies between excess and deficiency.

Courage

Mean between cowardice and rashness.

Eudaimonia

A complete, flourishing human life.

Happiness

Long-term fulfillment through virtue.

Socratic Method

Revealing ignorance through inquiry.

Care of the Soul

Moral self-examination above all.

Unexamined Life

Life without reflection is not worth living.

Methodic Doubt

Doubting all that can be doubted.

Cogito

I think, therefore I am.

Rationalism

Reason as source of knowledge.

Deceptive Senses

Experience can mislead.

Relations of Ideas

Necessary truths (math).

Matters of Fact

Empirical truths.

Causation

Habitual expectation, not rational certainty.

Fallibilism

All beliefs may be mistaken.

Good Will

Only unconditional good.

Duty

Acting from respect for moral law.

Categorical Imperative

Universal moral command.

Hypothetical Imperative

Conditional command.

Autonomy

Self-legislation of moral law.

Utility

Pleasure and absence of pain.

Greatest Happiness Principle

Maximize happiness.

Higher vs Lower Pleasures

Quality over quantity.

Secondary Principles

Useful but not absolute rules.

Genealogy

History of moral concepts.

Master Morality

Strength = good.

Slave Morality

Weakness = good.

Ressentiment

Repressed hatred.

Nihilism

Loss of meaning.

Transvaluation of Values

Creating new values.