Chemistry Chapter 1: Chemistry and Measurements Flashcards

chemistry

the study of matter; what it consists of, what it’s properties are, & how it changes

matter

1. anything that has mass and takes up the space, in fact anything that is physically real

2. does not change

science

the process by which we learn about the natural universe, and chemistry is a branch of this for the study of matter

multidisciplinary

because the physical universe is so vast, there is much overlap among different fields of science

areas of chemistry

the study of modern chemistry that has 5 main disciplines

physical chemistry

the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties and phenomena in chemical systems

organic chemistry

study of chemicals containing carbon

inorganic chemistry

study of chemicals found in rocks and minerals

analytical chemistry

study of the composition of matter through separation, identification and quantification of chemicals in samples of matter

biochemistry

study of chemical processes that occur in living systems

alchemy

• the study of matter (before the development in the 1600’s and 1700’s

• 4 basic elements (fire, water, earth, air)

• it was believed that changing the relative proportions of these elements in a substance could change the substance

Robert Boyle

developed basic ideas of gases

Joseph Priestly

isolated and characterized oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc

C. W. Scheele

discovered chlorine gas

Antoine Lavoisier (father of chemistry)

1. discovered nitrogen gas

2. discovered the role of oxygen in combustion and formulated the law of conservation of matter

amadeo avogadro

pioneered quantitative approach to chemistry by calculating number of particles in a given amount of a gas

weight

result of the pull of gravity on an object. it does change.

fact

basic statement established by experiment or observation. All of this are true under the specific conditions of the observation

hypothesis

a suggested solution based on evidence. It can explain about why something is observed but it is tentative!

theory

comprehensive explanation of an important feature of nature supported by facts gathered over time. Well-substantiated. Not likely to change.

law

are principles that can be used to predict the behavior of natural world. Theory explains “why” it happens but law describes “what” happens.

scientific method

1. make observations - could be qualitative or quantitative

2. formulate a hypothesis - investigation by forming a hypothesis, a tentative explanation for the observations

3. design and perform experiments - experiments are systematic observations or measurements under controlled conditions

4. accept or modify hypothesis - verifying the validity of hypothesis

5. development into law or theory - colleting data and analysis