OCR GCSE Biology A Unit 1: Cell Level Systems

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Light Microscope

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28 Terms

1

Light Microscope

Used to view whole cells or large subcellular structures of the cell.

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2

Electron Microscope

Used to view subcellular structures more clearly and in more depth.

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3

Nucleus

Controls the cell and contains genetic material.

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4

Cytoplasm

Site where most chemical reactions occur.

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5

Cell membrane

Barrier controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

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6

Mitochondria

Contains enzymes responsible for carrying out cellular respiration.

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7

Cell wall

Made up of cellulose and gives the cell structural support (found in plant cells).

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8

Vacuole

Contains cell sap and provides support (found in plant cells).

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9

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll (found in plant cells).

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10

Prokaryotes

Cells with nuclear material freely within the cytoplasm (e.g. bacteria).

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11

Eukaryotes

Cells with a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane (e.g. human cheek cell, amoeba, plant cells).

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12

DNA

Polymer made up of two strands forming a double helix.

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13

Protein Synthesis

Process of creating proteins from amino acids.

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14

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions inside organisms.

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15

Active site

Site at which substrates fit into the enzyme.

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16

Factors Affecting Enzyme Controlled Reactions

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration.

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17

Cellular Respiration

Process occurring inside plant and animal cells to release energy.

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18

Aerobic Respiration

Respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen.

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19

Anaerobic Respiration

Respiration that occurs without the presence of oxygen.

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20

Breakdown of Biological Molecules

Process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules using enzymes.

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21

Carbohydrase

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into glucose.

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22

Protease

Enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.

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23

Lipase

Enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol.

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24

Synthesis of Biological Molecules

Process of using smaller molecules to synthesize larger molecules needed by cells.

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25

Photosynthesis

Process used by plants to make their own food using light energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

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26

Endothermic

Reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.

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27

Investigating Photosynthesis

Experiment to study the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis.

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28

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

Temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and light intensity.

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