federalism on Bush, Obama, Trump, Biden, and Trump 2

George W. Bush

2000-2008

development of state power	development of federal power
Gonzales V Oregon (2006) effectively allowed state sponsored euthanasia, in defiance of the US Attorney General Alberto Gonzales Medicaid waiver given to Massachusetts to allow Governor Romney to introduce a universal health insurance programme.	USA PATRIOT ACT 2001 expanded the tights of federal government to detail people and collect information about them Medicare prescription Drug Modernisation Act 2003 - expansion of Medicare including prescription drug benefits, cost $400 billion Homeland security - addition of an entirely new cabinet department No Child Left Behind 2002 allowed for uniform school testing

Barack Obama

2008-2016

development of state power

development of federal power

PPACA 2010, at the states urging, Obamacare included power over the provision of medical insurance run by the states themselves Texas v United States 2016 - the Supreme Court struck down Obama's DAPA executive order due to the cost to states The Cole memo - the Justice Department said it would not enforce federal restrict marijuana where states had legalised it except in certain circumstance, for example if firearms were involved Shelby Counter v Holder 2013

PPCA 2010 - expanded insurance and gave more individual rights Arizona v United States (2012) - overturned SB1070 law which increased state law enforcement power to enforce immigration laws Obergefell v Hodges 2015 - the Supreme Court effectively legalised gay marriage nationally

Donald Trump

2016-2020

development of state power	development of federal power
Carpenter v United States (2018) - the Supreme Court found that the federal government must obtain a warrant fort a citizen's cell phone location records. Executive order minimising the economic burden of the PPACA - aimed at reversing Obamacare & giving states more control.	The Cole memo - new Attorney General Sessions rescinded the Cole memo, saying law enforcement would enforce national marijuana prohibitions Executive order stripping federal grants from 'sanctuary cities' (later found unconstitutional)

Joe Biden

2020-2024

development of state power

development of federal power

Republicaus overtuned Biden's vaccine-or-test mandate in NFIB v OSHA 2022 several states implemented abortion bans after Dobbs v Jackson 2022→ 3 states Conservatives sued the federal gorernment over EPA power in West Virginia EPA 2022 → limits federal climate regulation of national power plant rules Colorado expanded voting access through the 2021 vote without fear act and mailed every registered voter a ballot in 2022 Georgia Post SB202 in March 2021 imposing strictly ID for male ballots despite Biden Bush ‘for the federal for the people’ Act

enforced federal spending through the 2021 American rescue plan by restricting states from using federal Covid funds to offset tax cuts Biden’s Department of Justice Texas in USV Texas 2021 over SBB → federal restriction over abortion knows before Dobbs Expanded federal oversight releasing through consent in Minneapolis and Louisville after federal civil rights investigations in 2023

Donald Trump

2024-

development of state power

development of federal power

New York attorney general prepared litigation to block National Guard deployment by citing Youngstown Street and tube 1952 to argue limits on presidential emergency authority New York City reaffirmed and sanctuary policies in 2025 by refusing is detained a request citing anti-commanding role from Printz v US 1997 California, Illinois and Massachusetts coordinated and Amicus coalition in 2025 to contest the federal freeze on infrastructure funds → NFIB v Sebelius 2012

Trump froze $18 billion of federal funding to New York Gateway aware of tunnel project in October 25 (fear of Mamdani) Expanded federal immigration by increasing ice arrests at New York’s Varick Street immigration court in 2025 Prepared National Guard deployment plans for Los Angeles and Portland in 2025 by invoking authority under insurrection act 1807