Histrory

Battle of the Plains of Abraham, 1759

A British invasion force that beat French soldiers resulting in the British capture of Quebec. Both commanding officers were killed as a result of battle wounds.The French never recaptured Quebec and effectively lost control of New France in 1760.

The Quebec Act

After New France became a British colony of Quebec, Britain put the Quebec Act in place. This act protected French culture and allowed them to practice Roman Catholicism

The Rebellions

Rebellions started in Upper and Lower Canada in 1837-38 against the British Crown and the current state of politics. These incidents provoked the Durham Report.

Conderation

Canada become a nation on July 1st 1867

Riel Rebellions

The North-West Rebellion, also known as the North-West Resistance, or Northwest Uprising, was a violent uprising in 1885 between the Canadian government and the Métis

Immigration Act of 1910

Increased the number of people who could not enter the country and allowed the government more power in deciding which people to admit and which to deport.

John A. Macdonald

The first prime minister of Canada, held office from 1867 to 1873 and again from 1878 to 1891. He was the central character of Canadian Confederation and had an almost 50-year political career.

Wilfried Laurier

The seventh Prime Minister of Canada, was a Canadian lawyer, diplomat, and politician who presided over the country from 1896 until 1911.

Viola Desmond

A Canadian civil and women's rights activist and entrepreneur of Black Nova Scotian origin. She refused to leave a whites-only section of the Roseland Theatre in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, in 1946, to protest racial segregation.

Indian Act, 1876

These laws limited Indigenous rights aimed at integrating a large and diverse population into non-Indigenous civilization by generalizing them.

Primary source

A first-person or current account of an event or subject

Secondary source

Was produced after the fact by someone who was not present for the circumstances or experienced them firsthand.

Historical significance

Facts that determine what an who from the past should be remembered, researched, taught and learned

Evidence and interpretation

Validation, interpretation and use primary and secondary sources of historical information in the construction of historical accounts

Continuity and change

How lives and conditions are alike over periods of time and how they changes for people and societies that came before and after

Cause and consequence

Who or what influenced history and what repercussions of these changes

Historical perspective

The viewing of the past through the social, intellectual,emotional, and ethical lenses of the time

Ethical judgment

Assessing the past and the implications of past actions light of past present norms about the appropriate treatment of others

Indian Status

A specific legal identity of an Aboriginal person in Canada. With the creation of the Indian Act in 1876, the Canadian government developed criteria for who would be legally considered an Indian.

No. 2 Construction Battalion

Largest all black non-combat battalion

Wartime Elections Act of 1917

This allowed all Canadian women who were directly related to servicemen to vote in the upcoming election. It also took away the vote from people against the war (pacifists)

Military Service Act

Made conscription compulsory for all Canadian men between the ages of 20 and 45

Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Enemy Aliens

people living in a country that is at war with their homeland

Robert Borden

The Canadian Prime Minister during World War 1; supported Britain when they went to war

Garvrilo Princip

The person who was the assassin that started WWI. Assassinated the Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Emperor of Germany during World War I: abdicated the throne and fled to Holland

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Battle of the Somme

battle between German and British forces. Ending in a stalemate, notable for the high number of casualties- 1.25 million men killed or wounded - and the first use of tanks in warfare.

Passchendaele

A worthless battle which lasted for 3 months, late in 1917. Brits were major fighting force. Advanced only 5 miles near Ypres at cost of 1/2 million men.

Chlorine Gas

Ypres

A battle in WW1 where poison gas was 1st used.

Vimy Ridge

A successful battle of World War One where all four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time. A proud moment for Canada.

Naval blockade

a military maneuver in which one side sets up a line of ships to block entry into or departure from the ports of the opposing side

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for WW1 , sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Lloyd George

British prime minister, although he was re-elected for his popular campaign of making Germany pay for the war.

Georges Clemenceau

French statesman who played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles (1841-1929)

Vladimir Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924).

Armistice

An agreement to stop fighting

End of WW1

November 11, 1918

Hundred Days Offensive

series of attacks made by canadian corps from August 8- November 11, 1918

Reparations

Payment for war damages

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Paris Peace Conference

The peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and Treaty of Versailles.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Spanish flu

Pandemic that spread around the world in 1918, killing more than 50 million people

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929 :the day the stock market crashed.

Bootlegging

the making and selling of illegal alcohol

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in the government

Collective bargaining

union representative negotiates with management for better work conditions, benefits, higher pay, etc.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of property

Socialism

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. ( free" healthcare

Winnepeg General Strike

Where more than 30,000 workers left their jobs (see Work). Factories, shops, transit and city services shut down. The strike resulted in arrests, injuries and the deaths

Labour Union

An organization of workers that acts to protect workers' rights and interests

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

The Persons Case

A court case in which the Famous Five successfully fought to have women declared "persons" under Canadian law in 1929

The Famous 5

Emily Murphy, Nelie McClung, Louise Mickinney, Henrietta Muir Edwards and Irene Parlby

Flapper

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a "unladylike" way

Inflation

An increase in prices and a decrease in the value of money.

Residential Schools

Government-authorized schools, run by the churches, in which Aboriginal children lived apart from their families and were educated in Canadian culture

The Battle of Britain (Operation Sealion)

Miracle of Dunkirk

Retreating British soldiers were trapped between the advancing Nazis and the English Channel. Rescued 300,000

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII

Joseph Stalin

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943)

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the US during Great Depression and World War II

Luftwaffe

German Air Force

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Totalitarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

Mein Kampf

"My Struggle"-a book written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jews

Appeasement

Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians that said that they would not attack each other

Nazism

Ideology that was based largely on racism and ultra-nationalism.

Allied Powers

Great Britain(Canada), France, Russia, later US

Axis powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically. (empires)

The Blitz

Sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1941

Eastern Front

A stretch of battlefield along the German and Russian border

Operation Barbarossa

Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Dieppe

Where a British-Canadian force attempted a full-scale raid but was brutally repulsed by the Germans

Battle of Hong Kong

Canada has sent 2 battalions to defend Hong Kong from the Japanese. After 18 days of fighting and a loss on Christmas day all Canadian soldiers were either killed or taken prisoner by the Japanese.

D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

Juno Beach

Canadian landing beach during the Normandy invasion. Canadians penetrated about 9 km inland by the end of D-Day.

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

Victory in Europe Day- marking the surrender of Hitler

Liberation of Holland

After D-Day, canadian forces drove the NAZIS to retreat from Holland.

Battle of the Bulge

A 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War II.

The Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Pearl Harbour

The Japanese bombing of the U.S. naval base in Hawaii

Emperor Hirohito

Emperor of Japan during WWII

Internment Camps

Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during World War II by order of the President.

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II.

VJ Day(August 15, 1945 )

The Victory in Japan Day when the Japanese surrendered

President Harry Truman

The President who presided over the end of World War II (ordered droppings of atomic bombs)

Prime Minister Mackenzie King

He was the Prime Minister at the end of the depression and during the Second World War.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries