APUSH 1.3 Vocab

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(1.3) Vikings

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1

(1.3) Vikings

first nonnative explorers of the Americas; no long-term impact

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2

(1.3) gunpowder

Chinese invention that aided in the rise of maritime exploration

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3

(1.3) sailing compass

invention Europeans received from Arab merchants that aided in maritime exploration

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4

(1.3) cartography and shipbuilding

received improvements that would facilitate sailing for European explorers

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5

(1.3) printing press

1450s invention that helped spread knowledge in Europe

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6

(1.3) Isabella and Ferdinand

United their kingdoms to defeat Islamic Moors and create a unified Christian Spain

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7

(1.3) Protestant Reformation

Religious movement against Catholicism that motivated groups to spread their own version of Christianity

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8

(1.3) Seizure of Constantinople by Ottomans

Event preventing Europeans from traveling to the east to Asia for trade; motivated them to look westward

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9

(1.3) Henry the Navigator

Portuguese Prince who led maritime expeditions along the African coast

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10

(1.3) West African Slave Trade

Development by Portuguese to support sugar plantations for profit; inspired similar systems in America

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11

(1.3) nation-states

countries sharing common culture and loyalty to a central government (monarch); Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands; depended on trade for revenue

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12

(1.3) Line of demarcation

line drawn by Pope to identify Spanish and Portuguese territory in Americas; Spain gets west of line, Portugal east of it

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13

(1.3) Treaty of Tordesillas

Westward shift of line of demarcation that grated Portugal a small amount of land in Brazil in 1494

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14

(1.3) John Cabot

Italian explorer under contract with English King Henry VII whose expeditions in the New World were not immediately followed up

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15

(1.3) Queen Elizabeth I

English monarch who was the first to follow up distant affairs (make territorial claims) and show hostility to rival European nations

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16

(1.3) Sir Francis Drake

English adventurer who attacked Spanish ships and settlements on the coast of Peru

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17

(1.3) Sir Walter Raleigh and Roanoke Island

Failed attempt by English at establishing colonial settlement off North Carolina’s coast

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18

(1.3) Huguenots

French Protestants in 1500s opposing Roman Catholics who created internal conflicts that postponed French colonial development in the Americas until the next century

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19

(1.3) Giovanni da Verrazzano

Italian navigator sponsored by French monarchy who explored eastern coast of North America

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20

(1.3) Vasco de Gamas

Portuguese navigator who was the first to sail to India via navigating the African coast

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