APUSH 1.3 Vocab

(1.3) Vikings

first nonnative explorers of the Americas; no long-term impact

(1.3) gunpowder

Chinese invention that aided in the rise of maritime exploration

(1.3) sailing compass

invention Europeans received from Arab merchants that aided in maritime exploration

(1.3) cartography and shipbuilding

received improvements that would facilitate sailing for European explorers

(1.3) printing press

1450s invention that helped spread knowledge in Europe

(1.3) Isabella and Ferdinand

United their kingdoms to defeat Islamic Moors and create a unified Christian Spain

(1.3) Protestant Reformation

Religious movement against Catholicism that motivated groups to spread their own version of Christianity

(1.3) Seizure of Constantinople by Ottomans

Event preventing Europeans from traveling to the east to Asia for trade; motivated them to look westward

(1.3) Henry the Navigator

Portuguese Prince who led maritime expeditions along the African coast

(1.3) West African Slave Trade

Development by Portuguese to support sugar plantations for profit; inspired similar systems in America

(1.3) nation-states

countries sharing common culture and loyalty to a central government (monarch); Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands; depended on trade for revenue

(1.3) Line of demarcation

line drawn by Pope to identify Spanish and Portuguese territory in Americas; Spain gets west of line, Portugal east of it

(1.3) Treaty of Tordesillas

Westward shift of line of demarcation that grated Portugal a small amount of land in Brazil in 1494

(1.3) John Cabot

Italian explorer under contract with English King Henry VII whose expeditions in the New World were not immediately followed up

(1.3) Queen Elizabeth I

English monarch who was the first to follow up distant affairs (make territorial claims) and show hostility to rival European nations

(1.3) Sir Francis Drake

English adventurer who attacked Spanish ships and settlements on the coast of Peru

(1.3) Sir Walter Raleigh and Roanoke Island

Failed attempt by English at establishing colonial settlement off North Carolina’s coast

(1.3) Huguenots

French Protestants in 1500s opposing Roman Catholics who created internal conflicts that postponed French colonial development in the Americas until the next century

(1.3) Giovanni da Verrazzano

Italian navigator sponsored by French monarchy who explored eastern coast of North America

(1.3) Vasco de Gamas

Portuguese navigator who was the first to sail to India via navigating the African coast