Chapter 8 Medical Terms

Flashcards covering vocabulary related to the digestive system.

an/o

anus, ring

chol/e

bile, gall

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

col/o, colon/o

colon, large intestine

-emesis

vomiting

enter/o

small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach, belly

hepat/o

liver

-lithiasis

presence of stones

-pepsia

digest, digestion

-phagia

eating, swallowing

proct/o

anus and rectum

rect/o

rectum, straight

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

aerophagia

swallowing air

anastomosis

connection between two organs

antiemetic

medication that prevents vomiting

aphthous ulcers

canker sores

ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

bariatrics

branch of medicine dealing with obesity

borborygmus

rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines

cachexia

weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness

celiac disease

autoimmune disorder that affects the intestine

cheilosis

cracking and dry scaling of the lips

cholangiography

imaging of bile ducts

cholangitis

inflammation of bile ducts

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

choledocholithotomy

surgical removal of gallstones from the bile duct

cholelithiasis

presence of gallstones

cirrhosis

chronic liver disease with degeneration of cells

colonoscopy

examination of the colon using a colonoscope

colostomy

surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

Crohn’s disease

chronic inflammatory bowel disease

dental prophylaxis

preventive treatment of dental disease

diverticulitis

inflammation of diverticula in the colon

diverticulosis

presence of diverticula in the colon

dyspepsia

indigestion

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

enema

injection of fluid into the rectum

enteritis

inflammation of the small intestine

eructation

burping or belching

esophageal varices

enlarged veins in the esophagus due to portal hypertension

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

gastroduodenostomy

surgical connection between the stomach and duodenum

gastroesophageal reflux disease

chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus

gastrostomy tube

tube inserted through the abdominal wall into the stomach

hematemesis

vomiting blood

Hemoccult test

test to detect blood in stool

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

herpes labialis

cold sores on the lips

hiatal hernia

protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm

hyperemesis

severe, persistent vomiting

ileus

obstruction of the intestine

inguinal hernia

bulge of tissue in the groin area

jaundice

yellowing of the skin and eyes

leukoplakia

white patches in the mouth

melena

dark, tarry stools due to bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract

morbid obesity

excessive body weight that poses health risks

nasogastric intubation

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach

obesity

excess body fat

palatoplasty

surgery to correct a cleft palate

peptic ulcers

sores on the lining of the stomach or duodenum

peristalsis

wave-like muscle contractions in the digestive tract

polyp

abnormal growth in the colon

proctologist

specialist dealing with the rectum and anus

regurgitation

the return of swallowed food to the mouth

salmonellosis

infection caused by salmonella bacteria

sigmoidoscopy

examination of the sigmoid colon via a scope

stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth

trismus

restriction of the temporomandibular joint

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammation of the colon

volvulus

twisting of the intestine causing obstruction

xerostomia

dry mouth due to lack of saliva