Gen bio II Exam 2 outlines

The Kingdom Protista is __________.

not monophyletic and has been replaced by four eukaryotic supergroups.

Protists are now an informal term for any eukaryotic organism that is not a __________, __________, or __________.

plant, animal, fungus.

The four eukaryotic supergroups are __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Excavata, SAR clade, Archaeplastida, Unikonta.

Excavata is characterized by having a distinct __________ feeding groove.

excavated.

SAR clade includes __________, __________, and __________.

Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria.

Archaeplastida means __________.

ancestral plastid.

Unikonta means __________.

one flagella.

The endomembrane system is composed of organelles including the __________, __________, __________, and __________.

nuclear envelope, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi.

Mitochondria evolved from an engulfed __________ prokaryote.

aerobic.

Chloroplasts evolved from engulfed __________ prokaryotes.

photosynthetic cyanobacteria.

Plastids are a group of organelles used for __________ in eukaryotic cells.

photosynthesis.

Plasmodium causes __________ in humans.

malaria.

In heterokaryotic stages of fungi, __________ are present in the same cell, but they are genetically different.

haploid nuclei.

The karyogamy phase in fungi is the fusion of __________ nuclei from different mating types.

haploid.

Dictyostelium discoideum is an example of a __________ that behaves in a complex life cycle.

cellular slime mold.

Ciliates have two types of nuclei: __________ and __________.

macronucleus, micronucleus.

Telomerase is crucial for maintaining __________ length, which is important for aging and cancer prevention.

telomere.

SIR2 is considered the first __________ gene ever discovered.

aging.