st gianna semester 1 final

anaphylactic shock

occurs when exposed to an allergy

swelling, dyspnea, heart, rapid

s/s of anaphylactic shock:- \_______ of eyes, lips throat- hives- \_______ (difficulty breathing)- tight chest- increased \_____ rate- sneezing or coughing- \_____ breathing- flushed skin- hoarseness

remove, epipen, benadryl

first aid for anaphylactic shock:- \______ the allergen- \___ \___- give \________ if no epinephrine is available- monitor ABC's- call 911

seizure

electrical activity in the brain goes haywire; person may become unresponsive and have unexplained muscle contractions or loss of awareness

grand mal, petit mal

two types of seizures

epilepsy

seizures w no underlying cause

grand mal

type of seizure that includes unconscious flopping or contracting; also called a tonic clonic seizure; pt will usually loose bladder control and be drowsy (postictal) afterwards

petit mal

type of seizure that includes loss of awareness; small seizure

ground, head, turn, time

first aid for seizures:- get them to the \______- protect their \____ and \____ it to one side- remove nearby objects- \____ the seizure- DON'T restrain or put things in their mouth- protect their dignity

primary assessment

quick check to determine the extend of injury/illness.

loc, physical, bleeding

primary assessment determines:-\___-chief complaint-behavior-\________ look-obvious \________

airway, breathing, circulation

ABC abbreviation-A- \______B- \_________C- \___________

Cerebrovasculat accident

caused by a lack of blood supply to the brain due to an aneurism or blockage

transient ischemic attack

mini stroke

droop, slurred, hemiplegia

s/s of stroke/cerebrovascular accident:- severe headache- facial \_____- \_______ speech- \____________ (one sided paralysis)- confusion- loss of vision, hearing, or balance

protect, ground, elevate

first aid for a stroke/cva:- \_______ the affected side- get them to the \______- \_______ feet- reassure, comfort, and calm- maintain ABC's- call 911

red, dry

s/s of heat stroke:- severe fatigue- loss of consciousness- \___, \___ skin

cool, clammy

s/s of heat exhaustion:- fatigue- sweating- pale- weak- skin is \____ and \______

ice them

first aid for heat stroke

cool them a bit, give fluids

first aid for heat exhaustion

they die

what happens if a pt's core temp does not come down during hear stroke

depth, type, amount

burns are classified in 3 ways:
1. \_____ (first, second, or third degree)2. \____ (chemical, thermal, electrical)3. \______ of area covered

first degree

this type of burn only affects the epidermis; it is red, dry, and slightly painful

second degree

this type of burn burns through the dermis to the nerves; it is red, blistered, weeping, moist, and the most painful burn

third degree

this type of burn burns through epidermis, dermis, fat, and muscle; it is black, white, or charred and usually not very painful because the nerves are destroyed.

stop, cool, jewelry, sterile

first aid for burns:- \____ the burn and \____ the burn for 20 mins- remove \_______- cover w \_______ dressing- monitor ABC's- call 911 id third degree or lots of second degree- determine percent area burned

myocardial infarction

caused by a blockage in the coronary artery or an aneurism; heart muscle dies because blood supply is cut off

angina pectoris, diaphoresis

s/s of myocardial infarction:- \______ \__________ (crushing chest pain)- nausea- SOB- \___________ (profuse sweating)- pale/clammy skin- radiating pain- denial- impending doom- weakness/lightheadedness

reeasure, elevate, loosen

first aid for myocardial infarction:- don't move them- \________ them- \_______ their feet- \_________ restrictive clothing- call 911- prepare an AED

fracture

literally the same thing as a break but for some reason they call it something different

swelling, pain

s/s for fractures:- \________- bruising- \____- obvious deformities- guarding

neurovascular, stabilize, pulses

first aid for fractures:- check \______________- \_________ the fractured limb- don't reposition- treat for shock- check distal \______

insulin shock

happens when blood sugar becomes very low (hypoglycemic)

sugar!!!

what do you do to treat insulin shock (hypoglycemic)

hypothermia

low body temp of less than 95 degrees

shivering, cool

s/s of hypothermia:- \__________- frostbite- decreased loc- \_____ abdomen- falling unconscious and dying

remove

first aid for hypothermia:- \______ wet clothing- give warm drink- no ETOH

infant respiratory distress syndrome

caused by a lack of surfactant in premature babies; the alveoli stick together and wont open

arrhythmia

the hearts rhythm gets all outta whack; can be caused by medications, genetics, etc...

aneurysm

weak spot in the wall of an artery that can rupture and decrease blood supply to an organ

coronary artery disease

narrowing of coronary artery caused by arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis; decreases blood supply to the heart muscle and can cause a myocardial infarction

congestive heart failure

heart becomes weak as a pump which decreases stroke volume and blood supply to the body;

edema, SOB

s/s of congestive heart failure:- congestion- \_____ in the legs and feet- \___- fatigue

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

caused by chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
s/s: difficulty breathing and SOB

pneumonia

inflammation in the lungs/alveoli; usually bacterial but can be a viral infection

sob, cough, cloudy

s/s of pneumonia:- severely \___- chest tightness- \_____- green mucus- fever- \______ lungs on x-ray

bronchitis

inflammation of bronchial tubes, usually bacterial

chest, lethargy

s/s of bronchitis:- fever- SOB- \______ pain- \________

bradycardia

slow heart rate of less than 60

fitness, drugs, major O2 decrease

causes of bradycardia

tachycardia

rapid heart rate of more than 100 bpm

stress, low stroke volume, drugs, lack of O2

causes of tachycardia

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Respritory

the purpose of the \__________ system is to exchange gasses between the environment and blood

pleural cavity

body cavity where the lungs sit; contains pleura (watery membrane that reduces friction as the lungs more in and out

breathing

-pnea

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

apnea

not breathing

orthopnea

difficulty breathing while lying down

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar (lower than 70)

weakness, confusion

s/s of hypoglycemia:- shaky \________- palor- \_________- fatigue- death

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar (over 100)

polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia

s/s of hyperglycemia:- \__________ (hella hungry)- \_______ (gotta pee)- \__________ (hella thirsty)- nausea- vomiting- blurred vision- drowsiness- fruity breath- confusion

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries that occurs w age that causes an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in blood flow

atherosclerosis

buildup of fat or plaque in an artery that decreases blood flow and can cause complete occlusion of an artery

fetalis ovale

"hole in the heart" occurring in newborns, hold is between right atrium and left atrium and should close shortly after birth

heart murmur

caused by the heart valve not closing completely, blood flows in opposite directions, usually the mitral valve

The Health Insurence Portability and Accountability Act

what does HIPAA stand for

duty, dereliction, damage

for medical malpractice, there must be a:1.\____ to act2.\___________ of said duty3.\______ done

law of agency

employer can be sued for the actions of an employee

criminal law

you broke the law and will get jail, fine, or probation

civil law

you violated someone else's rights and will get sued

Advanced Directive

legal document that makes a persons wishes about life support known

living will, durable power of attorney

types of advanced directive:1. \______ \____ -- written doccument2. \_______ \_____ \___ \________ (DPOA) -- gives 1 person the legal right to make medical decisions for the pt

spouse, adult children, parents, siblings

order of decision making (SAPS)

upper respritory infection

common cold, usually virals/s: runny nose, sore throat, watery eyes, laryngitis, cough

asthma

inflammation of bronchial tubes caused by allergens/s: wheezing, sob, dyspnea, coughing, rapid onset

lung cancer

caused by exposure to carcinogenss/s: hemoptysis, dyspnea, weight loss, chest pain

epistaxis

nosebleed

Tuberculosos

very contagious infection that is airborne and affects lungs (TB)

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura which causes painful breathing and friction w lung movement

pulmonary embolism

caused by a blood clot in the pulmonary artery, can lead to sudden death when the clot or thrombosis blocks a pulmonary vessel

cystic fibrosis

inherited genetic disease that causes massive fluid buildup in the lungs

true

the purpose of the cardiovascular system is to transport respiratory gasses,nutrients, and waste throughout the body (t/f)

vena cave, atrium, ventricle, sl valve, trunk, veins, atrium, bicuspid, ventricle, valve, arch

blood flow through the heart:
superior \____ \____-\> rt. \______-\> tricuspid-\>rt \_________-\>pulmonary __ \_____-\> pulmonary \_____-\> pulmonary arteries-\> lungs-\> pulmonary \_____-\> left \______-\> \________ (mitral) valve-\> left \_________-\> aortic \_____-\> aortic \____

p wave

atrium contracting

qrs wave

ventricles contracting

t wave

ventricles repolarize

o neg

universal blood donor

ab pos

universal recipient

angioplasty

puts a balloon or metal stent in the coronary artery to open it up

defibrillation

electrical impulse given to the heart to restart the electrical activity

Rh incompatibility

occurs when the mother is rh - and baby is rh +; mothers immune system attacks the baby's blood -- CAN be cured w a rhogam shot

72

pulse average

60-100

pulse range

16

respiration average

12-20

respiration range

systolic

number when blood first goes through (top number)

diastolic

pressure of the heart at rest

120/80

blood pressure average