B.1.2 Joints (2)

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52 Terms

1
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What are joints

when two or more bones articulate

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What do joints increase?

mobility

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What are the different types of joints?

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

4
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Do fibrous joints have a cavity?

no cavity

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What do fibrous tissues connect?

bones (the edges)

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What is fibrous joints continuous with?

periosteum

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What is not allowed at fibrous joints?

movement

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Do cartilaginous joints have a cavity?

no cavity

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What are cartilaginous joints connected by?

cartilage

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What are cartilaginous joints separated by?

fibrocartilage disk or a thick layer of hyaline cartilage

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What is limited at a cartilaginous joint?

movement

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Do synovial joints have a cavity?

cavity present

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What are articulating surfaces enclosed within a synovial joint?

fluid-filled joint capsule

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What are synovial joints?

the most commonly occuring type of joints

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What are synovial joints important for?

mobility

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What are the different types of synovial joints?

ball and socket, pivot, hinge, condyloid, gliding, saddle

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Ball and Socket description

rounded end of one bone fits inside a cup shaped ending on another bone

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Example of a ball and socket joint

shoulders and hips

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Movement of a ball and socket joint

rotation

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Pivot description

has a ringbone that fits over a bone protrusion

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Example of a pivot joint

neck

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Movement of a pivot joint

rotation

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Hinge description

only allows forwards and backwards movement

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Example of a hinge joint

elbow and knee

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Movement of a hinge joint

extension and flexion

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Condyloid description

oval shaped bone end which fits into a corresponding shaped bone end

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Example of a condyloid joint

wrist

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Movement of a condyloid joint

flexion, extension, circumduction

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Gliding description

two flat faces of bone that slide over one another

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What do gliding joints allow for?

little movement in all direction

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Example of a gliding joint

tarsals in the ankle

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Movement of a gliding joint

very little movement

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Saddle description

found between convex and concave articulating bones

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Examples of saddle joints

thumb, thorax, ear, heal

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Movement of saddle joints

extension, flexion, abduction, adduction

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What are the features of a synovial joint

articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, menisci, bursae

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What does the articular cartilage do?

covers the articulating surfaces of the bones

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What does the articular cartilage reduce, absorb and protect?

friction, shock, the bones

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What does the articular cartilage vary in?

thickness

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What can happen to the articular cartilage?

can wear away

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What does the articular capsule surround?

the joints

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What does the articular capsule allow for?

joint movement due to its flexibility

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What does the synovial membrane do?

secretes synovial fluid

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What does the synovial fluid do?

lubricates the joint cavity, reduces friction, provides nutrients to the cartilage (diffusion)

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Where is the menisci found?

between bones

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What does the menisci act as?

a cushion

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What do menisci allow the bones to do?

fit together more tightly

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What do menisci provide?

stability to the joint

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What are the bursae?

small fluid filled sacs where two structures rub against each other

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What do bursae provide?

lubrication and reduces friction

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What are bursae lined by?

a synovial membrane

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Where are bursae located?

in areas of high stress