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1. The study of how living and extinct organisms are related to one another

Phylogeny 

A branch of biology dealing with embryos and their development

Embryology

A population whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Species

A change in a DNA sequence, usually occurring because of errors in replication or repair

Mutation

 A structure or organ that has diminished in size or usefulness in the course of evolution

vestigial structures

 Random changes in gene frequency that is more obvious in smaller populations  but that occurs in all populations

Genetic Drift

. Inherited from a common ancestor, may have a similar structure but different function

Homologous structures

 Generally, a group of organisms living close to one another that interbreed with one another and do not breed with other similar groups

Population

Similar because of convergent evolution, and not because of common ancestry, may have a similar function but a different structure

analogous__structures

Changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next

Evolution

 A process in which some individuals have genetically-based traits that improve survival or reproduction and thus have more offspring surviving to reproductive age than other individuals

Natural selection

The process of changing the characteristics of animals by artificial manual means. a process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms

Artificial selection

summarize the 4 main points of Darwin’s theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

Overproduction- When there are too many offspring produced for the limited resources.

Decent of modification - The idea that species evolve over time, changing and branching from a common ancestor; A change in gene frequencies over time.

Adaptation- Features that allow organisms to survive better in their environment.

Variation- Differences in phenotypes between organisms.

List and explain 5 factors that can cause evolution (the 5 fingers of evolution!)

Small population

Selective reproduction

Mutations

Gene flow

Natural selection/adaptation.

. List 5 lines of evidence for evolution. 

Fossils

Vestigial Structures

Biogeograpy

Embrology

Dna

 Explain the importance of transitional fossils, and give an example.

To show the changes over time in a species' bone structure. An example of a transitional fossil is a whale's blowhole moving increasingly up in the skull over time.

8. Do sharks have bony skeletons?

No

Do Birds have hair

No

What are the 8 taxonomy levels in order from LEAST specific to MOST specific?

  Domain,Kingdom,Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and species.

What are the 5 Kingdoms? 

Animia,Fungi, Plantae, Protista,Monera.