Fundamental Neuroscience

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Fundamental Neuroscience lecture.

Neuroanatomy

The study of the structure of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

CNS (Central Nervous System)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

The part of the nervous system that includes all the nerves outside the CNS, connecting the CNS to the limbs and organs.

Afferent Neurons

Nerve cells that carry sensory information towards the central nervous system.

Efferent Neurons

Nerve cells that carry motor commands away from the central nervous system to the muscles.

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

A clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and support.

Dural Venous Sinuses

Channels within the layers of the dura mater that drain blood from the brain.

Brodmann Areas

Regions of the cerebral cortex defined based on their cytoarchitecture and corresponding to specific functions.

Somatic Nervous System

The part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Autonomic Nervous System

A division of the PNS that regulates involuntary functions, such as heart rate and digestion.

Circle of Willis

A circular system of blood vessels at the base of the brain that provides collateral circulation.

Gyri and Sulci

Gyri are ridges of the brain's surface, and sulci are the grooves between them.

Falx Cerebri

A fold of dura mater that separates the two cerebral hemispheres.

Tentorium Cerebelli

A structure that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.

Cranial Meninges

Three protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater) that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Ventricles

Cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Internal Carotid Artery

Major arteries that supply blood to the brain.

Vertebral Arteries

Major arteries that run along the spine and supply blood to the brain, particularly the brainstem and cerebellum.

Primary Motor Cortex

The region of the cerebral cortex responsible for the planning and execution of voluntary movements.

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

The region of the cerebral cortex that processes sensory information from the body.