EXPD

Density

The measure of mass per unit volume of a substance, calculated as mass divided by volume.

Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion, calculated as half the mass times the square of the velocity.

Gravitational Potential Energy

The energy an object possesses due to its position above the ground, calculated as mass times acceleration due to gravity times height.

Spring Force

The force exerted by a spring or elastic band when displaced from its equilibrium position, calculated as negative constant times displacement.

Acceleration of Sliding Object Down a Frictionless Ramp

The acceleration experienced by an object sliding down a frictionless ramp, calculated as acceleration due to gravity times the sine of the angle of the ramp.

Submerged Fraction of Floating Object

The ratio of the density of an object to the density of the fluid it is submerged in.

Root Mean Square Speed of Ideal Gas

The square root of 3 times the ideal gas constant times the temperature divided by the molar mass.

Pressure-Volume Relationship for Gases

The product of pressure and volume of a gas is equal to the number of moles of gas times the ideal gas constant times the temperature.

Newton's First Law

The law of inertia stating that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Second Law

The law stating that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it.

Newton's Third Law

The law stating that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

First Law of Thermodynamics

The law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The law stating that the entropy of an isolated system will always increase.

Conservation of Momentum

The principle that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant unless acted upon by an external force.

Conservation of Mass

The principle that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a closed system.

Vectors

Quantities with magnitude and direction, represented by arrows.

Cohesive Bonding

The attraction between molecules of the same kind.

Adhesive Bonding

Joining parts using a non-metallic adhesive material.

Hydrogen Bonding

Attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

Capillary Action

Movement of liquid through narrow spaces due to intermolecular forces.

Newton's Second Law Equation

Force equals mass times acceleration.

First Law of Thermodynamics Equation

Total energy (potential + kinetic) is conserved.

Second Law of Thermodynamics Equation

Entropy increases (heat flows from hot to cold).

Conservation of Momentum Equation

Momentum (P = mv) is conserved in a system.

Buoyancy

The ability of an object to float in a fluid.

Elasticity

The ability of a material to return to its original shape after deformation.

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

Molar Mass

The mass in grams of one mole of a substance.