WWI

History

 The Great War

1914-1918

the war to end all wars

WWI

death or injuries

Casualties

 How many casualties were in WW1?

40 million

Where was most of war fought

Northern France

Old fashioned plane used in WWI; has an open cockpit;

Biplane

Being a plot who shoots down the enemies

ace

glorifying the military

militarism

 A click, friendship between countries

alliances

Anglo-German

English vs Germans

going in competition for weapons

arms race

H.M.S. Dreadnought:

His/hers majesty ship

King of Germany in. WWI; super militaristic, had a gold eagle on his head, (sign of power), has mustache

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Allied Powers. (Triple Entente); (the allies)

Britain, France, Russia, Serbia

central power

Germany, Austria - Hungary, Ottoman Empire

contains many different ethnic groups

Austria-Hungary

England leader in WWI

King Louis

Deep sense of extreme patriotism that inspires a feeling of superiority to other nations and drives competition between; nations being super proud of their nation

Nationalism

Ethnic minorities that want 'self - determination or who want independence

Separatists

Strong nationalist leaders who want to hold empires together under a Single flag

unionist

determining for yourself who rules over you

self determination

Got help Serbia to get out of Austria-Hungary

Bosnians

Sitting barrel of gunpowder; something just ready to explode

Powder keg

Slavs who want to separate

Pan-Slavism

 Everywhere

Pan

Slavic Brothers

Russia and Serbia

Franco Prussian War

1810

 next in line to be emperor

Archduke

Serbian nationalist who help idea of Slavic being ruled by Slavics; Kill heir to throne

The Black Hand

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

June 28, 1914

19 years old; part of Black Hand; was waiting in comer on his way to Hotel (thought the mission failed but the archduke's car stopped right in front of him and he lived them they were on the way to the hospital 

Gavrilo Princip

A Germanic guy who was heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

Franz Ferdinand

 The Ultimatum

July 23, 1914

a threat; "you do this or else”

Ultimatum

Austria's Demands

1\. Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agiation

2\. Must punish any Serbian officials involved in the murder

3.Must let Austria join the investigation

Serbia's Ultimatum answer

Said yes to one and two only

Why did Serbia go with war?

Had Russia

Austria -Hungary declared war on Serbia

July 28, 1914

Unlimited support from Germany

The "Blank Check”

Chain Reaction of WWI

1\. Austria declares war on Serbia

2\. Russia Mobilizes its troops

3\. Germany declares war on Russia

4\. France says they will not be neutral so Germany declares war on France

5\. Germany Invades Belgium so Britian joins the war

Germanys problem

Two front war

keep the army together to attack France first and beat them; then go to Russia to defeat them

The Schlieffen Plan

Germany avoids France forts but Belgium is neutral so British says they will protect Belgium 

Invasion of Belgium

" Belgium is a country, not

a highway”

King Albert of Belgium

Located in Northern France; has trench warfare; both sides have machine guns; start building trenches to ditch the bullets ; Stalemate

Western Front

no side can move, being stuck

Stalemate

Trenches more in the back: Where you see people sleeping or eating

Support and Reserve Trenches

Stop water and dirt; also give height to stop bullet

sandbags

Used for extra protection; used for the first time so people would get stuck and be a target

barbwire

Company HQ Dugou

living like gopher

Both sides facing each other with

trenches

Aerial Views

 modern cannons; shoot massive objects

artillery

The area between the Trenches; no man sunrived it; looks like another planet

No Mans Land

WWI bathrooms

no bathrooms, soldiers peed whenever and went #2 near artillery in holes

had maggots; had germs since soldier’s didn't have good hygiene

WWI Hygiene

idea that people who were traumatized were from the sound of the constant artillery.

shellshock

Going up and over or over the top

into no mans land

men were sent over the top in groups and each group went on the whistle

waves

How far did the battle field go?

From English Channel to Switzerland (500 miles)

more advanced than the British and French; some had running water and lights because they had spent more time and money on trenches

german trenches

destroyed soldiers feet; the skin dies and begins to turn black; bacteria eats up the bone (bacterial infection, has to be cut off or will go up your body)

trench foot

the thing that came out of guns

shell

What types of injury did soldiers get?:

jaws blown off, leg and arms blown off

people volunteered to join the war and some boys even lied about their age (had to be 19)

Romanticism of war

 Russians vs. German; has mobile war; Russia loses badly because they aren't industrialized

eastern front

 A war that's moving

mobile war

Russian version of Louis XVI (French) ; people don't like him for spending; cause russians to be unhappy ; does his hobbies while people are dying; ends up being machined gunned

Tsar Nicholas II

hand sized, his trigger with pin, has ten second timer then explodes; sometimes the enemy threw it back in trenches

Hand Grenades

Kaiser & Tsar

king

below ocean (Untersee Bot); "U-boat'

submarine

have propeller, can go through water

torpedos

Floated over trenches to take pictures and drop things.

zeppelin

 its undetectable ; can sneak up

stealth

A line of artillery ; Cannons

batteries

A tool used to light. up the night sky and shoot in a dark night (made targets Visible)

flare

"Hung on the wire"

soldiers caught on barbwire

poison gas with color; used Colors, so soldiers would know when they release it; caused burns

mustard gas

Major Battles in the Western Front

First Battle of the Marne; Battle of Verdun; Battle of the Somme; Second Battle of the marne

war ends

November 11, 1918

Battle of the Marne

September 1914

first attempt in Schlieffen plan (armies end up splitting); Start using shovels for trenches ; French so caught off guard they take taxis; French held the German army at the River; Stalemate

Battle of the Marne

Battle of Verdun

Feb - Dec 1916

In a village (many civilians killed); trenches, trench foot, rats; Generals cause many deaths;"Deadliest battle of WWI"

Battle of Verdun

French general: "they shall not pass"

Henri Petain

"We will bleed the french white"

german general

 last man standing; everyone dies both sides keep fighting til everyone is killed 

War of attrition

Soldiers were in bad shape from battle (dehydrated a Starving) ; soldiers were rested for a week in the middle of battle; 3/4 of French army rotated in Verdun; 10% French army lost

cycling of soldiers

had all bones and unidentified parts

ossuary

 9 months, 3 weeks, 6 days of battle; average one person killed per minute, French: had 377, 000 casualties and 162,000 killed ; German. had 337,000 casualties and 143,000 killed; 40 m artillery Shells fired

Ugly #'s of Verdun

Battle of the Somme

July 1916

British vs Germans (July 1916; tactic to pull germans away from verdun; British bombard for one week straight 24/7 (thought they killed everyone; British slaughtered in no mans land and Generals kept sending

Battle of the Somme

the one Who kept Sending boys because he didnt wanna admit he was wrong; "The Butcher of the Somme"; killed 20k British Soldiers

Field Marshall Douglas Haig

Battle of Tannenberg

August 1914

Eastern Front; Russia lost half their soldiers in one battle; general committed suicide

Battle of Tannenberg

the use of any form of media to influence people's opinions or behavior

propaganda

Justify their involvement to their own citizens; to recruit men; A way to raise money; to urge conservation; to affect men's ego; to shame others; had women based propaganda

reasons to use propaganda posters

Government borrows money from citizens

bond

Mongolian warriors from China; barbarian group

huns

 "'center" central powers; in the

middle east; very desired for natural resources (oil);

Between Asia and Europe.

ottoman empire

wanted by Allie’s (easier shipping route) so they could supply Russia 

Dardanelles