GY south africa

The African contenant is…

The larges† landmass straddling the equator

What are some of the natural elements of Africa

Immense biodiversity, vast. Water resources and wealth of precious minerals like diamonds

What are some natural problems in Africa

Relatively poor soils, widespread disease and vulnerability to drought

Why does Africa have such widespread disease

Human evolution- we’ve been there longer: humans came from the rift valley- more natural selection (plagued by so much disease bc humans have been there for so long)

Where do most diamonds in the world come from

Southern/ South Africa

What is sub Saharan Africans landscape largely defined by

Tropical forests, Savana’s and deserts

Much of Africa south of the equator is very

Elevated- has some slight seasonal change

What are some enviromental concerns concerts of Africa

desertification, deforestation and wildlife poaching

Tropical forests =

Lots of rain year round

Savanna

Seasonal rain

Desert

Very little rain

Where are tropical rainforests found

Near the equator

The Congo river basin is the

• 2nd largest river in the world by volume

• 2nd largest tropical rainforest in the world

What is the ITCZ

International convergence center

When and were was the Virunga National park established and why

Established in the democratic republic of the Congo in 1925, to protect the areas population of mountain gorillas

What does the Congo basin have a lot of

Primate diversity

Who conducted research with chimps in Tanzania since 1960

Dr. Jane Goodall

What are some specific vegitation of the tropical Savana

Grasslands interspersed with acacia trees

Where are acacia trees found

The Serengeti

What are the African savanna’s seasons like

Distinct wet and dry seasons

What are the Baobab trees

In the Savana region, shaped very large to adapt to dry weather. They are subject to many African myths and legends, and cane like 1000 years and grow to 100 feet tall

What is the Ngorongo Crater

Located in Tanzania, is the largest inactive, unfilled caldera in the world. It is 10 miles across and more than 100 square miles in area. It is part of the Savana but gets into the highlands- located inside a volcano

Sahara desert

Is the world largest desert

Namib desert is

One of the worlds driest desserts

Where is the Namib Desert located

On the coast: skeletal coast- very deadly

Where is the Saharan dessert and what. Does it have a lot of

Located in Northern Africa and has lots of dunes

What are many people in sub-Saharan Africa?

Pastoralists: people who keeps animals like cattle and sheep-they live off the lans

Why is peoples close relationship to the land hard?

There is severe wet and dry shifts- people living off the land causes Concerns for both people and the environment

What is a huge concern in sub Saharan Africa

Desertification: caused by over farming or overgrazing. There is lots of desertification in the Sahel- spread of desserts naturally or by human cause

What is the #1 reason for deforestation

Commercial logging

What does enviromental instability lead to

Political instability

What is transhumance

The movement of animals between wet and dry season pastures- can lead to desertification

Desertification =

The conversion of fertile areas to desert

What are goats a huge contributor to

Deforestation- also evil

Why is commercial logging so prévenant

Illegal logging of rosewood in Madagascar

How much of rainforests in west Africa have been cut/ disappeared

90%

Who is the main demander of rosewood

China

What is intresting about madagascars species

8,000 of them are endemic (unique to the area)

What does Madagascar hold

5% of the worlds plans and animal species

How much has Madagascar lost of its natural areas

80%

How much of sub-saharans Africa is within a protected area

12%

What is the lion population like in Africa

The lion population has been reduced by half since 1950s- fewer than 21,000 remain

What is the cheetah population like in Africa

Today an existâtes 9-12,000 cheetahs remain in the wild in Africa. There are around 200 cheetahs living in Iran as well.

Where is population most prevalent

98% of population is in the Nile river

N’ingéra has the

Most populated cities

How much of sub-Saharan africas population lives in rural areas

61%

Where was coffee first domesticated

Ethiopia

What are some important subsistence crops

Millet, sorghum, maize, yams, orca, peanuts, cotton, cacao and palm oil

Was first domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa and brought to the US during slave trade

Okra

What animals are very present in Africa

Camels, goats and cattle-cattle is a very large part of the economy

What are pastoralists

People who raise animals-live nomadic lifestyles and move their animals to different areas through the year depending on the season

How much had sub Saharan Africas population increased in urban areas

Urban population increased from. 23% in 1980 to 39% today

Nairobi

Relatively new city. Capital of Kenya, was founded by British colonists in 1899-connected to the wildlife

There is much___in Africa where one city is much larger than any other city in the country

Urban primacy

How large is the Democratic republic of Congo

The size of Alaska and Texas put together

How many miles of road does the Congo have

1400 miles of paved roads

How many people lives in sub Saharan Africa

1.5 billion- 2 billion projected by 2050

What is the birth rate of subsaharan Africa

The average woman gives birth to 5 children in her lifetime (highest fertility rate in the world)

Ethiopia is

The oldest. Civilization in the world

Animistic religion

“Catch all” term for religions that worship nature and/ or ancestral spirits

There are many _____ in subsaharan africa becuase of European and Islamic colonization

Syncretic religions

When was Christianity and islam intoduced

Christianity was 300 CE and islam was 600 CE

Christianity came to sub Saharan Africa through

Ethiopia and eretria

Islam spread south from a North Africa through:

The Sarah and into the Sahel

When did European colonization gain momentum

1880s

What stood in the way of colonization and is the main killer of children

Malaria

What happned at the Berlin conference

In 1884 the European powers divided up the African contient- not paying attention to ethic or cultural divisions alredly in place

By the 1980s….

Most of sub Saharan Africa had gained independence from European powers

What is prévenant becuase there are so many diff groups

Tribalism

What is tribalism

Loyalty to an ethnic/ cultural/ social group rather than to a country

What is the Boko Haram in Nigera

Has links to Al Qaeda, kidnapped nearly 300 Nigerian school girls. Wanted to create a separate state with shura laws. Wants to overthrow the Nigerian gov and establish an Islamic state

Who was Nelson Mandela

Was a South African anti apartheid activist who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999

What happened during the 1994 Rawane an genocide

The Hutu led government killed more than 500,000 Tutsi people

Since 1996 the DRC has led to

Approximately 6 million deaths

What is the DRC

Democratic republic of Congo

What is poverty like

41% of the population lives in extreme poverty

Sub Saharan Africa accounts for only ____ of global trade

2%

What is the child mortality rate

1 out of 10- improvement from 1990 which was 1 out of 5

What are many counties like

Kleptocracies

What are kleptocracies

Government leaders se their positions to improve their own wealth

Who was an example of a kleptocracie leader.

Mobutu sese seko

What are some sights of improvement

Growth of cell phone and internet service- increasing foreign investment

In terms of population:

Sub-Saharan Africa is the fastest growing region in terms of population