Starting the Computer: The Boot Process

Authentication

The verification of your login name and password; part of step 4 in the boot process.

Basic input/output systems (BIOS)

A program that manages the exchange of data between the operating system and all the input and output devices attached to the system. BIOS is also responsible for loading the operating system (OS) from its permanent location on the hard drive to random access memory (RAM).

Boot process (or start-up process)

Process for loading the operating system into random access memory (RAM) when the computer is turned on.

Device Manager

A feature in the operating system that lets you view and change the properties of all devices attached to your computer.

Kernel (or supervisor program)

The essential component of the operating system, responsible for managing the processor and all other components of the computer system. Because it stays in random access memory (RAM) the entire time your computer is powered on, the kernel is called memory resident.

Last Known Good Configuration

The registry information that was saved during the last shutdown; used to start your computer if Windows detects a problem in the boot process.

Power-on self-test (POST)

The first job the basic input/output system (BIOS) performs, ensuring that essential peripheral devices are attached and operational. This process consists of a test on the video card and video memory, a BIOS identification process (during which the BIOS version, manufacturer, and data are displayed on the monitor), and a memory test to ensure that memory chips are working properly.

Registry

Contains all of the different configurations (settings) used by the operating system (OS) as well as by other applications.

System files

The main files of the operating system.

Boot Steps - From ChatGPT, not course

1. Power On / POST (Power-On Self-Test)

   • Computer turns on

   • BIOS/UEFI checks hardware (CPU, RAM, etc.)

2. Bootloader Launch

   • BIOS/UEFI looks for boot device (HDD/SSD)

   • Loads the bootloader (e.g., Windows Boot Manager)

3. Load Operating System

   • Bootloader loads OS files (like the kernel) from HDD/SSD into RAM

4. System Initialization

   • OS starts running

   • Loads drivers, user settings, and login screen