Water Properties, Solutions, and Cell Transport: Key Concepts for Science Students

What is the polarity of water molecules caused by?

Uneven distribution of electrons

What type of bond forms between water molecules?

Hydrogen bond

What term describes water molecules sticking to different surfaces?

Adhesion

What term describes water molecules sticking to each other?

Cohesion

What is a homogeneous mixture called when solutes dissolve completely in a solvent?

Solution

What is the component of a solution present in smaller amounts and dissolves in the solvent?

Solute

What is the component of a solution present in larger amounts and dissolves the solute?

Solvent

What term describes substances that dissolve well in water?

Hydrophilic

What term describes substances that repel or do not dissolve in water?

Hydrophobic

What unit measures concentration as moles of solute per liter of solution?

Molarity (M)

What process involves adding solvent to decrease concentration of a solution?

Dilution

What term describes the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane?

Osmosis

What type of solution has a higher solute concentration compared to another?

Hypertonic

What type of solution has a lower solute concentration compared to another?

Hypotonic

What type of solution has equal solute concentration compared to another?

Isotonic

What term describes the net movement of particles from high to low concentration?

Diffusion

What type of diffusion requires protein channels to transport molecules?

Facilitated diffusion

What type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy?

Active transport

What molecule provides energy for active transport?

ATP

What term refers to the overall direction of molecular movement during diffusion?

Net movement