Xylem

Xylem

moves water and minerals from roots to leaves, unidirectional, powered by transpiration.

Tracheids

long, thin tubes that carry water and give support.

Vessel Element

short, wide tubes that join together for faster water flow.

Perforation Plate

holes at the ends of vessel elements where water passes through.

Parenchyma Cells

storage cells that also help move water sideways.

Primary Cell Wall

thin outer wall, allows growth.

Secondary Cell Wall

thicker wall with lignin, makes xylem strong and waterproof.

Pits

small openings in the walls where water moves between cells.

Transpiration

pulls water and minerals roots to leaves out the stomata