Chapter 6,7,8,9 and water Nutriton

Food allergy

An immune response triggered by certain foods, causing symptoms like hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or digestive issues. Can be life-threatening.

Foods that commonly provoke food allergy

Foods that commonly provoke food allergy: peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, wheat.

Eight foods that cause 90% of all allergic reactions

eggs, shellfish, fish, milk, peanuts, soy, tree nuts, wheat

Anaphylaxis

a potentially fatal reaction to a food allergen that causes reduced oxygen supply to the heart and other body tissues

Symptoms for Ananphylaxis

difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, pale skin, a weak, rapid pulse, and loss of consciousness

Common Sites for Allergic Reactions:

Mouth, Airways, Digestive Tract, and Skin

Cross Reaction

The reaction of one antigen with antibodies developed against another antigen

Food Aversion:

A strong desire to avoid a particular food

After the age of 3 will a food allergy go away or will it become permanent?

It will be more permanent

If you develop a food allergy before the age of 3 will it go away or be permanent

most likely go away

Vegan:

Includes only food from plant sources, no animal products

OvoVegetarian

Includes plant foods and eggs, no animal products

Lacto-Vegetarian

Includes plant foods, milk and milk products

Lacto-Ovovegetarian-

Includes plant foods, milk and milk products, and eggs

Pescatarian-

Includes plant foods and seafood

Pollo-Vegetarian-

Includes plant foods and poultry

Flexitarian (semi-vegetarian)-

Primarily includes plant foods; occasionally includes animal-based foods

Amino Acids-

Building blocks of protein

Proteins and enzymes are important for:

Growth and maintenance of our body structure

Proteins act as:

Enzymes

Enzymes-

Things that get chemical reactions going

Some proteins act as and helps regulate them

hormones

Proteins help with what in your body:

Fluid balance and acid base

Proteins provide:

energy in the form of 4 calories per gram

Kwashiorkor-

Lack of protein in the presence of minimal calories. Abdominal is bloated

Protein in your diet helps:

circulate your body fluid

Marasmus:

Starvation; no food at all; waiting to die

High-Quality Proteins-

Proteins containing all the essential amino acids (proteins) in the right quantity relative to our body needs

Where can you get High-Quality Protein from?

Animal products, eggs

Where can you get High-Quality Protein from as a Vegan/Vegetarian?

Soy products

Limiting amino acid-

an essential amino acid in shortest supply relative to our bodies needs. Ex: Beans aka Legumes

Why would you need to drink a lot of water on a high-protein diet?

protein foods are really heavy and do not have a lot of water content in them. Makes it harder for kidneys to break it down

Vitamins-

Potent compounds that perform many tasks in the body to promote health, growth, and life

Water-Soluable Vitamins-

Vitamins that dissolve in water

Fat-soluable Vitamins-

Vitamins that dissolve in Fats

Thiamin (Water-soluable vitamin)-

Found in liver, pork, whole grains, nuts, beans, cereals

What does Thiamin help:

Help support normal appetite and nervous system function (brain and spinal cord)

What is a Deficiency of Thiamin called?

Beriberi-edema (swelling), heart irregularity, mental confusion, muscle weakness, apathy, impaired growth

Riboflavin (water soluable) is found in:

Milk, green leafy vegetables (darker the vegetable, the more vitamins it has), liver, cereal

What does Riboflavin help with?:

Promotes healthy skin and normal vision

Deficiency in Riboflavin can cause:

eye problems, skin disorders around mouth and nose, and have hypersensitivity to light

Niacin (water soluable) is found in:

Found in meats, fish, cereal, whole grain products, beans

Niacin Promotes:

health of skin, nerves, and digestion system

Deficiency of Niacin:

Can get condition called Pallagra

Pallagra is associated with Four words that start with D:

Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermititus, and Death

Too much Niacin (pill form) can cause:

Flushing (when skin gets really red and hot), Nausea, headaches, cramps, abnormal liver function, and rapid heartbeat

Vitamin B6 (water soluable) (pyridioxine) is found in:

Whole grain products, soy products, fish , and green leafy vegetables

Vitamin B6 helps with what:

Protein and fat metabolism

Deficiency in Vitamin B6:

Nervous system disorders(brain and spinal cord), skin rashes, muscle weakness, convulsions, and kidney stones

Too much Vitamin B6 can cause:

Depression, Fatigue, irritability, headaches, numbness, damage. to nerves, difficulty walking

Vitamin A (fat soluable) is found in:

Cheese, butter, liver, in all orange fruits and vegetables (carrots, squash, pumpkins)

Vitamin A promotes:

healthy vision

Deficiency in Vitamin A:

Can make you get night blindness , Xeropthalmia-severe dry eye

How can you treat a deficiency in Vitamin A?:

You have to start consuming Vitamin A

Too much Vitamin A can cause:

Diarrhea, weight loss, can cause blurred vision

Vitamin D (Fat-soluable vitamin) (cholecalciferol) is found in:

Found in milk, eggs, liver, fish, and the Sun

Vitamin D promotes:

Tooth and Bone formation

Deficiency in Vitamin D will cause:

Bowed legs

How do you get bowed legs

You are either born with it or you develop it

In Kids, Vitamin D deficiency is called:

Rickets

Vitamin D Deficiency in adults is called:

osteomalacia- bowed legs in adults

What happens if you consume too much vitamin D

Develop liver, kidney, or heart problems and abnormal bone growth

Vitamin E (fat-soluable) protects:

Red blood cells

Deficiency in Vitamin E:

muscle wasting, anemia, weakness of the body

Vitamin E is found in:

Liver, vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and seeds

Vitamin E (liquid) helps:

Scars and acne

Vitamin K (fat-soluable) is found in-

found in liver, green leafy vegetables, cabbage type vegetables (brussel sprouts, cabbage), milk, and digestive tract

Vitamin K helps with:

Blood clotting

Deficiency in Vitamin K can cause:

Hemorrhaging- excessive bleeding

Folate acid (water soluable) is found in:

green leafy vegetables, citrus, fruits, cereals, whole grain products

Folate acid forms:

Red blood cells

Deficiency of folate acid is called:

anemia, heart burn, depression, and neural tube defects

Why are pregnant women highly encouraged to take folate acid?

A deficiency when being pregnant can potentially affect your baby and baby can be born with a neural tube defect

Neural tube defect:

Number of birth defects that affect the brain and or spinal cord during development

2 types of neural tube defects:

Spina bifida and Anencephaly

Spina Bifida is -

the incomplete closing of the bony casing around the spinal cord that can cause partial paralysis

Anencephaly is-

condition where major parts of the brain are missing in the baby

Vitamin B12 (water soluable) (cobalamin) is found in:

All animal products, cereal

Vitamin B12 helps with:

Maintaining your nerve cells

Deficiency of Vitamin B12-

you will get anemia, fatigue, and nerve degeneration that can lead to paralysis

Group of people that do not absorb Vitamin B12:

Born with intrinsic factor

2 type of people who can become deficient in in Vitamin B12:

people who are born with a genetic condition where they don’t make intrinsic factor and elderly people that develop atrophic gastritis

pantothenic acid/ Biotin:

widespread in foods, both help with energy/metabolism

Deficiencies for both pantothenic acid/ Biotin:

are really rare

Vitamin C (water soluable) (ascorbic acid):

Found in all citrus fruits, lettuce, strawberries, dark green vegetables

Vitamin C helps heal:

Wounds, maintains bone and teeth strength, and strengthens your resistance to infections

Deficiency in Vitamin C:

Can cause scurvy, which will cause anemia, depression, bleeding gums (which will weaken gums overtime), poor wound healing

too much Vitamin C can Cause

a increased risk of kidney Stones, diarrhea, and a Stomach ache.

Acid Reflux Disease (GERD)-

Gastrar Esophagent Reflux Disease

When contents from your stomach move up into your esophagus; Aka acid regurgitation

3 main Factors of GERD) :

Poor Clearance of acid or food from Stomach.

Delayed Stomach emptying

Excess acid in stomach

Slow clearance of food from the stomach cam be caused by various reasons like

Eating large meals

Lying down right after a mail

Overweight or Obesity

Excess landing at waist after heavy meals

Snacking Close to bedtime

Delayed Stomach emptying aka Gastroparesis can be caused by

Diabetes

Pregnancy

Hypothyroid ism

Viral Stomach infections

Parkinson's disease.

Multiple Sclerosis

Most Common causes that lead to Excessive production of acid in your stomach

Eating Spicy foods.
Eating fatty foods, Chocolate, garlic, anions and citrus fruits

Drinking Certain beverages, such as alcohol, carbonated drinks, Coffee or tea

smoking is one of the most common causes of:

hypersecretion of acid in the stomach

Excessive levels of stress and people with type A personalities develop:

Acidity in their stomachs

what else can cause acid reflu?

Structural defects

Hiatal Hernia:

Muscle that separates your stomach from your chest, normally there is a hole or “hiatus” where the esophagus passes and connects to the stomach

What happens if Hernia expands?:

The upper part of the stomach can partially move through the abdomen, which increases acid reflux

Common Symptoms of Acid Reflux disease:

Heartburn, Regurgitation, Difficulty swallowing food, dull pain in abdomen, blood in stools or vomit

treatment of acid reflux:

before seeking medical help, try a different dietary lifestyle, stay away from spicy foods