Ireland 1 (1851-1914)

"In 1851 what % of the Irish population was Catholic and Anglican?"

Catholic 75%, Anglican 12%

"Between 1841 and 1911 the population of Ireland fell from 8.2 million to what?"

4.4 million

"Why did the population of Ireland fall between 1841 and 1911?"

Potato Famine causing c.1 million deaths and emigration of up to 2 million

"What did the 1800 Act of Union abolish?"

The Irish Parliament in Dublin (Dáil)

"Who led the campaign for Catholic Emancipation passed in 1829?"

Daniel O’Connell

"What movement developed from the 1840s seeking independence from British rule?"

Fenian Movement

"How many members did the Irish Republican Brotherhood have by 1867?"

50,000

"Give two examples of Fenian violence."

1867 uprising; Manchester Martyrs (also Phoenix Park Murders 1882, London bombing campaign 1880s)

"What was the name of the region in North East Ireland that was predominantly Protestant and economically stronger?"

Ulster

"What percentage of landlords were absentees?"

23%

"How did the average wage of Irishmen compare to Englishmen?"

50% of English wages

"When was the Disestablishment of the Irish Church?"

1869

"What did the First Land Act of 1870 do?"

Introduced compensation for tenants for improvements and disturbance

"What did the Second Land Act of 1881 do?"

Established the 3Fs: fair rent, fixity of tenure, free sale

"Who founded the Home Rule League?"

Isaac Butt

"What group was founded by Michael Davitt to help evicted farmers?"

Land League

"What were the aims of the Land League?"

Fair rent, fixity of tenure, free sale

"Which Land Act satisfied these aims?"

Second Land Act 1881

"What impact did the economic downturn of the 1870s–1880s have on Irish affairs?"

Rise in evictions (3,400 in 1881) and Parnell’s support for boycotting

"What Act passed in 1881 led to Parnell’s imprisonment?"

Coercion Act

"What treaty allowed Parnell’s early release and was signed by Gladstone?"

Kilmainham Treaty 1882

"How did the 1884 Third Reform Act impact the Irish electorate?"

Increased electorate by 230%

"In 1885 who was leader of the Conservative Party when Parnell negotiated against Gladstone?"

Lord Salisbury

"What was the newspaper ‘scoop’ revealing Gladstone’s support for Home Rule called?"

Hawarden Kite

"How many seats did the INP gain in the 1885 election?"

86 seats, holding the balance of power

"What Liberal group split in 1886 and helped defeat the First Home Rule Bill?"

Liberal Unionists led by Chamberlain and Hartington

"How did Gladstone regain support by 1893?"

INP backing Home Rule and the Newcastle Programme of radical social reform

"In 1892 how many votes supported the Second Home Rule Bill in the House of Lords?"

41 votes

"What was Conservative policy towards Ireland?"

Kill Home Rule with Kindness

"Give two examples of how Conservatives tried to pacify Ireland."

1885 ending Coercion Acts; 1887 Crimes Act and Bloody Balfour

"What did the Wyndham Act of 1903 do?"

Expanded tenant land purchase with £86m funding and government price guarantees

"By 1914 what fraction of Irish tenants owned their land?"

Two-thirds

"How did nationalism manifest by the turn of the century?"

Gaelic League and promotion of Gaelic language and sports

"Who replaced Parnell as leader of the INP?"

John Redmond

"Give proof of the renewed importance of the INP."

Unified under Redmond and held balance of power with 84 seats in 1910

"Who founded Sinn Féin in 1905?"

Arthur Griffith

"Define the IVF."

Irish Volunteer Force, a nationalist militia

"Who led the Ulster Volunteer Force?"

Edward Carson

"On the eve of WW1 how many men were in the UVF and IVF?"

100,000

"When was the Third Home Rule Bill passed and why was it suspended?"

Passed in 1912, delayed by Lords under Parliament Act 1911 and suspended in 1914 due to WW1