social-cognitive approach to stereotyping

categorization & stereotypes (schemas) conserve ____

mental resources

normative cognitive processes ➡

stereotypes

define outgroup homogeneity bias:

the tendency to perceive more variability in ingroups (the groups we belong to) than outgroups (the groups we don’t belong to)

what are the two causes of outgroup homogeneity bias:

1. more contact with ingroup ➡learn about differences

2. think of ingroup as individuals, outgroup as representatives

define illusory correlations:

based on the premise that uncommon things stand out

1. minority group members

2. negative behaviors

two uncommon bx. = especially distinctive

• AKA “paired distinctiveness“

• ⬆attention, thought

confirmation bias:

tendency to test proposition by seeking intro that supports it

“is this right” instead of “is this wrong”

self fulfilling prophecies

a cycle where an expectation about a situation, whether true or false, influences a person's behavior, ultimately causing that expectation to become a reality

define aggression:

behavior intended to physically or mentally harm another person