HITT EXAM 1 - (1 & 2)

-algia

Pain, suffering

-dynia

Pain

-ectomy

Surgical rEmoval, cutting out

-gram

Picture or record

-osis

Abnormal condition, disease

-ostomy (two O's like two HOLES)

Surgical opening to the body surface. PERMANT HOLE

-rrhage

Bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

-rrhaphy (The Three S)

Surgical suturing (SEWING)

-rrhea

Flow or discharge

-sclerosis

Hardening

Abdominocentesis (ab-dom-ih-noh-sen-TEE-sis)

A medical procedure involving the puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid.

Angiography (an-jee-OG-rah-fee)

An imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs.

Arterio-sclerosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-skleh-ROH-sis)

The thickening and hardening of the arterial walls.

Arthr-algia (ar-THRAL-jee-ah)

Pain in one or more joints.

Colostomy (koh-LAHS-toh-mee)

A surgical procedure that creates an opening from the colon to the abdominal surface.

Cyanosis (sigh-ah-NOH-sis)

A bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation.

Adeno-carcinoma (ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-NOH-mah) is a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body

(aden/o means gland, carcin means cancerous, and -oma means tumor)

Dermatologist (der-mah-TOL-oh-jist)

-ologist = specialist

A medical professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders.

Diagnosis (dye-ag-NOH-sis)

The identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon.

Edema (eh-DEE-mah)

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.

Endarterial (end-ar-TEE-ree-al)

Pertaining to the inner layer of an artery.

Eponym (EP-oh-nim)

A name derived from the name of a person, often used in medical terminology.

Exocrine glands (ECK-soh-krin) secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body. Examples include the salivary, mammary and sweat glands

Exo- means out of, and -crine means to secrete

Erythrocyte (eh-RITH-roh-sight)

A red blood cell that carries oxygen to the body's tissues.

Fistula (FIS-chuh-lah)

An abnormal connection between two body parts, often hollow organs.

Gastralgia (gas-TRAL-jee-ah)

Pain in the stomach or abdominal region. (gastr means stomach, and -algia means pain)

Gastritis (gas-TRY-tis)

Inflammation of the stomach lining.

Gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis)

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often due to infection.

Gastrosis (gas-TROH-sis)

A non-specific term for any disease of the stomach.

Hemorrhage (HEM-or-idj)

An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel.

Hepatomegaly (hep-ah-toh-MEG-ah-lee)

Enlargement of the liver.

Hypotension (high-poh-TEN-shun)

Abnormally low blood pressure.

Infection (in-****-shun)

The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues.

Interstitial (in-ter-STISH-al)

Pertaining to spaces within tissues.

Intramuscular (in-trah-MUS-kyou-lar)

Administered within a muscle.

Laceration (lass-er-AY-shun)

A deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.

Lesion (LEE-zhun)

An abnormal change in tissue, often due to disease or injury.

Malaise (mah-LAYZ)

A general feeling of discomfort or unease.

Mycosis (my-KOH-sis)

myc/o = fungus

EX: Mycorrhizal fungi

A disease caused by a fungus.

Myelopathy (my-eh-LOP-ah-thee)

myel/o = bone marrow/spine cord and pathy = disease

A disease of the spinal cord.

Myopathy (my-OP-ah-thee)

my/o = muscle and pathy = disease

A disease of the muscle tissue.

Natal (NAY-tal)

Relating to birth.

Neonatology (nee-oh-nay-TOL-oh-jee)

neon = new, nat = birth, ology = study of

A branch of medicine that deals with the care of newborns.

Neuro-rrhaphy (new-ROR-ah-fee)

HAPH

Surgical suturing of a nerve.

Oto-rhino-laryng-ology (oh-toh-rye-noh-lar-in-GOL-oh-jee)

The study of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.

Palpation (pal-PAY-shun)

The act of examining a part of the body by touch.

Palpitation (pal-pih-TAY-shun)

An abnormal awareness of the heartbeat.

Pathology (pah-THOL-oh-jee).

path/o and the suffix -pathy mean disease; however, they also mean suffering, feeling, and emotion.

The study of the causes and effects of diseases.

Phalanges (fah-LAN-jeez)

The bones of the fingers and toes.

Poliomyelitis (poh-lee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis) - myel means marrow

A viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis.

Prognosis (prog-NOH-sis)

osis = abnormal condition

The likely course or outcome of a medical condition.

Pyoderma (pye-oh-DER-mah)

A bacterial skin infection characterized by pus formation.

Pyrosis (pye-ROH-sis)

pyr/o = fever or fire

A burning sensation in the chest, commonly known as heartburn.

Remission

A period during which the symptoms of a disease are reduced or disappear.

Sign

An objective indication of a disease observable by a physician.

Supination (soo-pih-NAY-shun)

The rotation of the forearm or foot so that the palm or sole faces upward.

Suppuration (sup-you-RAY-shun)

The formation or discharge of pus.

Supracostal (sue-prah-KOS-tal)

Located above the ribs.

Symptom (SIMP-tum)

A subjective indication of a disease reported by the patient. evaluated or measured by the patient

Syndrome (SIN-drohm)

A group of symptoms that consistently occur together or a condition characterized by a set of associated symptoms.

Tenorrhaphy (ten-OR-ah-fee)

Surgical suturing of a tendon.

Tonsillitis (ton-sih-LYE-tis)

Inflammation of the tonsils.

Trauma (TRAW-mah)

A physical injury or wound caused by external force.

Triage (tree-AHZH)

The process of determining the priority of patients' treatments based on the severity of their condition.

Viral (VYE-ral)

Vir = virus

al = pertaining to

Relating to or caused by a virus.

Combining Form:

Ex - The combining form of the word root gastr is gastr/o.

A word root with a combining vowel added at the end, used when two word roots are combined or when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added.

cyan/o (sigh-ah-NOH-sis)

Cyanosis is blue discoloration of the skin caused by lack of adequate oxygen in the blood (cyan means blue, and -osis means abnormal condition or disease).

erythr/o (eh-RITH-roh-sight)

An erythrocyte is a mature red blood cell (erythr/o means red, and -cyte means cell).

leuk/o (LOO-koh-sight)

A leukocyte is a white blood cell (leuk/o means white, and -cyte means cell).

melan/o (mel-ah-NOH-mah)

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer (melan means black, and -oma means a tumor).

poli/o (poh-lee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis)

Poliomyelitis is a viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord (poli/o means gray, myel means spinal cord, and -itis means inflammation).

Gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis)

An inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.

When two word roots are joined, a combining vowel ________ added

Always

Neur/o (nerve)

For example, when neur/o (nerve) is joined with the suffix -plasty (surgical repair) or -rrhaphy (surgical suturing), the combining vowel o is used because -plasty and -rrhaphy both begin with a consonant.

Neuroplasty (NEW-roh-plas-tee)

Neuroplasty is the surgical repair of a nerve.

Neurorrhaphy (new-ROR-ah-fee)

Neurorrhaphy is suturing together the ends of a severed nerve.

Tonsill

For example, the word root tonsill means tonsils.

Tonsillectomy (ton-sih-LECK-toh-mee)

A tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the tonsils.

-itis

No combining vowel is needed when adding either -itis (inflammation) or -ectomy (surgical removal) to tonsill, because they both start with a vowel.

Noun is word that is the name of a person, place, or thing. In medical terminology, some suffixes change the word root into a noun. EX: THE CRANIUM

EX: the cranium is the portion of the skull that encloses the brain (crani = skull, and -um is a noun ending).

Adjective Suffixes in Medical Terminology

Suffixes that change the meaning of a word root into an adjective, such as -ac in cardiac, meaning pertaining to the heart.

Suffixes Meaning 'Pertaining to'

-ac, -eal, -ior, -al, -ical, -ory, -an, -ial, -ous, -ar, -ic, -tic, -ary, -ine

Suffix -a, -um, -y, -e, -us

A noun ending used in medical terminology.

Gastrosis (gas-TROH-sis)

Any disease of the stomach. (gastr means stomach, and -osis means abnormal condition or disease).

Suffixes Meaning 'Abnormal Condition or Disease'

-ago, -iasis, -osis, -esis, -ion, -pathy, -ia, -ism

Pathology (pah-THOL-oh-jee)

The study of all aspects of diseases (path means disease, and -ology means study of). Suffixes related to pathology describe specific disease conditions.

Gastrodynia (gas-troh-DIN-ee-ah) also means pain in the stomach

Gastr/o means stomach, and -dynia means pain.

-malacia (ar-tee-ree-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah).

Abnormal softening.

Arteriomalacia (ar-tee-ree-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah) is the abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries

malacia means abnormal softening. Notice that -malacia is the opposite of -sclerosis.

-megaly (hep-ah-toh-MEG-ah-lee)

Abnormal enlargement of the liver (hepat/o means liver, and -megaly means enlargement).

-necrosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-neh-KROH-sis)

Means tissue death.

Arterionecrosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-neh-KROH-sis).

Arteri/o means artery, and -necrosis means tissue death.

The tissue death of an artery or arteries

-sclerosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-skleh-ROH-sis)

Arteri/o means artery, and -sclerosis means abnormal hardening. Notice that -sclerosis is the opposite of -malacia.

The abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

-stenosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-steh-NOH-sis)

Abnormal narrowing.

Arteriostenosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-steh-NOH-sis) is the abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries

Arteri/o means artery, and -stenosis means abnormal narrowing.

-centesis (sen-TEE-sis)

a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid.

Abdominocentesis (ab-dom-ih-noh-sen-TEE-sis) is the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid

abdomin/o means abdomen, and -centesis means a surgical puncture to remove fluid

-graphy (GRAH-fee)

The process of producing a picture or record.

Angiography (an-jee-OG-rah-fee) is the process of producing an x-ray, or radiographic study, of blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make these blood vessels visible

angi/o means blood vessel, and -graphy means the process of recording

-gram (gram)

A picture or record.