US History 1 Native Americans Review

Why did the native americans come to north america and how?

Why did the native americans come to north america and how?

Came to north amercia in search for food following the mammals, and mainly by foot crossing the bering strait land bridge

Why are native amercains and their ancestors, the siberian hunters, considered the first to discover amercia?

Because they founded it first

What were the first native amercians classified as?

Paleo-Indianas

What were the characteristics of the Clovis?

• Migrated as far as the southern trip of south america

• Nomadic hunters

• Shared common ancestry and way of life

What were the characteristics of the Post-Clovis culture?

• The transition between the clovis culture and Archaic hunters and gatherers

• Hunted smaller animals

• Began to develop cultures

• Foraged and gathered food from surroundings

What were the distinguishing characteristics between Clovis and Post-Clovis cultures?

• Post-Clovis were semi-nomadic because they built semi-permanent settlements

• Clovis were nomadic

• Clovis only hunted while Post-Clovic gathered and hunted

• Post Clovis hunted smaller animals while Clovis hunted bigger animals

What were the characteristics of Archaic Hunters and Gatherers?

• Adapted to local environments

• Manipulated landscape using fire and damming rivers

• Mainly hunted

• Created farms

• Develop cultures

• Foraged

• Developed a trade network

• Began creating semi-permanent settlements

In what ways did Natives use animals as a resource?

(all the following expect question…)

Food, clothing, housing, tools, and religion

They did not use animals for life stocks

In general, what was the Native Americans’ view on property and economy?

Property: they didn’t view land as something you could own

Economy: They traded and gift gived

What was characteristic of the housing for four regions (Eastern Woodlands, Northwest Coast, Great Plains and Southwest)

(given pictures of each houses and have to identify which is which)

Eastern Woodlands: Long house, very wide, made of trees and bark, held several families

Northwest Coast: Big house made of redwood trees, held 40-50 people, the houses had rack on the ceiling for drying salmon, houses decorated with distinctive wood carvings

Great Plains: Earth lodge, sod: made of soil, grass, timber, 4-8 families lived in each one, 10 lodges of village

Southwest: Navajo Hogan houses were covered with bark and earth, doorways faced east. And Pueblo housing was made of adobe brick and/or stone

Identify which of the four regions this house belongs to

Eastern Woodlands

Identify which of the four regions this house belongs to

Southwest

Identify which of the four regions this house belongs to

Great Plains

Identify which of the four regions this house belongs to

Northwest

How were different Native tribes in the West linked to tribes in the East?

The tribes in the west traded

What were the advantages to Native Americans creating semi-permanent settlements during the Archaic Hunters and Gatherers period? (Population & life spans)

• Increased population growth because they had more food and built homes

What were the advantages to Native Americans creating semi-permanent settlements during the Archaic Hunters and Gatherers period? (Create complex)

• Government

• Art

• Science

• Culture

• Religion

What were the advantages to Native Americans creating semi-permanent settlements during the Archaic Hunters and Gatherers period? (Food)

• More reliable food source

• A consistent and larger food supply

• Harvest local food sources

What were the advantages to Native Americans creating semi-permanent settlements during the Archaic Hunters and Gatherers period? (Learned in-depth about)

• The surroundings like weather/seasons/animals

When did Native Americans begin to develop farming?

The Archaic Hunters and Gatherers period

What were the advantages to farming?

• To have enough food and resources for everyone

• Stay in 1 place

• Greater population

• Store crops

• More time to specialist in crafts

What region was most reliant on farming?

Southwest

What were the typical crops of Native Americans?

• Corns

• Beans

• Squash

• Acorns

• Pumpkin

What were the extend of Native American culture by 1490? (technology)

They don’t have wheels/metal tools/weapons/sailing/horses/life stocks

What were the extend of Native American culture by 1490? (methods of obtaining food)

• They mostly hunted and farmed and gathered

• Northwest/California/Great Basin didn’t farm

What were the extend of Native American culture by 1490? (impact on environment)

• Foraged

• Use fire to burn forests

• Dammed rivers

• Mount builders

• Planted

Why have archeologists found it challenging to learn about Native American culture?

• No written information

• Many of them were killed from different diseases

What are the similarities among the tribes that inhabited North America before the encounter of Europeans?

Similarities:

• Communal land ownership

• Adapting to environment

• Social structures like chiefs

• Beliefs in religion

• Matrilineal

What are the differences among the tribes that inhabited North America before the encounter of Europeans?

Differences:

• Not all farmed

• Nomadic patterns

• Hierarchy

• Currency

• Languages

• Technology and art

• Slaves

What aspect was the most significant in shaping the Native Americans’ way of life in each region?

Environment and climate

Eastern Woodland: Organized into

Into chiefdoms (loosely governed bands and villages)

Eastern Woodland: Food distribution

Equal!

Eastern Woodland: Villages

moved 8-10 years when running out of resources

Eastern Woodland: Giving thanks

3 sisters festival = corn, beans, and squash

Great Plains: Way of life centered on

Bison

Great Plains: Enforcement

Exile in serves cases and children were taught right and wrong

Great Plains: Rite of passage into adulthood

Their vision quest

Great Plains: Settlement pattern

Semi-nomadic and migrated according to the bison

Great Basin: Landscape

mountains/valley/rivers

Great Basin: Method of obtaining food

hunting/gathering but mainly gathering

Great Basin: Population density

Lowest!

Great Basin: Way of life remained

Centuries after 1492

Northwest Coast: Hierarchy

Based on wealth

Northwest Coast: Resources

Abundant/no need to farm

Northwest Coast: Craft/skill best known for

Woodwork

Northwest Coast: Distribution of food and goods

Not equal!

Northwest Coast: Ceremony of giving

Potlatch

Northwest Coast: Settlement pattern

Permanent

California: Population density

Highest!

California: Diversity

The most!

California: Resources (acorns)

Abundant

California: Settlement pattern

Permanent

California: Conflict

Over acorns

Southwest: Climate

Arid (dry/hot)

Southwest: Main method of obtaining food

Farming

Southwest: Main crop

Corn

Southwest: Marriages

Arranged

Southwest: Crafts

Weaving toques jewelry and sand paintings

Southwest: Cliff dewellings

Anasazi/Hohokam

Arctic: Climate & landscape

cold

Arctic: Food source

Sea mannuals

Arctic: Inventions/concepts

Sunglasses and insulations