AP World History - Ultimate Guide (copy)

What rises out of the collapse of classical civilization and interactions developing between new states?

Growth of long-distance trade.

What are the key belief systems that impact history as of 1200?

Major religions that have divisions, theological bases, and social, political, and cultural impacts.

What denotes the study of mystical experiences within religions?

Religious Mysticism.

Who founded Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama.

What are the 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism?

(1) All life is suffering, (2) suffering is caused by desire, (3) one can be freed of desire, (4) desire is overcome by following a prescribed path.

What split occurred after the death of Buddha in 483 BCE?

Buddhism split into Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.

What is the main focus of Theravada Buddhism?

Meditation and simplicity, with nirvana seen as the renunciation of consciousness and self.

What characterizes Mahayana Buddhism?

A focus on great rituals and spiritual comfort, leading to broader spread.

What social system does Buddhism reject?

The caste system.

What is the main belief of Christianity?

Belief in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the path to salvation through him.

Who was Jesus of Nazareth?

A Jewish figure who claimed to be the Messiah, crucified around 30 CE.

What significant document contains the teachings of Jesus?

The Bible.

What human need is emphasized in Confucianism?

Restoration of political and social order.

What are the 5 fundamental relationships in Confucianism?

(1) Ruler and subject, (2) parent and child, (3) husband and wife, (4) older sibling and younger sibling, (5) friend and friend.

What was the primary goal of Hinduism?

To merge with Brahma, the supreme force.

What is the ultimate goal in Hinduism called?

Moksha, which is internal peace and release of the soul.

What is the economic system called that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages?

Feudalism.

In feudal society, what is the relationship between Lords and Vassals?

Lords grant land to Vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service.

What major social class worked the land under feudalism?

Peasants or Serfs.

What significant event caused the emergence of nation-states at the end of the Middle Ages?

The transition from feudal kingdom organization to linguistic and cultural organization.

Who were the Mamluks?

An Egyptian group that defeated Mongols in Nazareth, aiding the preservation of Islam in the Near East.

What was the Abbasid Dynasty known for?

A golden age for the Islamic Empire, marked by advances in arts, sciences, and trade.

Which empire controlled the majority of trade in North Africa during the Middle Ages?

The Islamic Empire.

What key impact did Marco Polo’s travels have?

Increased interest in East Asian cultures and trade.

What caused the Spanish Inquisition?

To root out heresy and ensure Catholic orthodoxy.

What marked the start of the Scientific Revolution?

A shift to empirical evidence and the scientific method.

Who was the influential leader that reformed Russia in the late 17th century?

Peter the Great.

What catastrophic event did the Middle Ages experience between the 14th and 15th centuries?

The Bubonic Plague.

What major economic theory arose during the Commercial Revolution?

Mercantilism.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

An agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide newly discovered lands.

What was the result of the Haitian Slave Rebellion?

Haiti achieved independence from France.

What led to the Great Depression?

Overreliance on credit and resulting stock market crash in 1929.

What was the essence of Fascism as practiced in Italy?

Extreme nationalism and suppression of individual will.

What did the Balfour Declaration established during WWI?

It declared the Jewish right to a homeland in Palestine.

How did the United Nations respond to global crises post-WWII?

By forming to maintain international peace and security.

What were the key elements of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Soviet missile installation in Cuba led to US naval blockade and near nuclear conflict.

What social changes occurred during the industrial revolution?

Rise of class distinctions and formation of new social classes.

What event solidified Israel’s borders after its founding?

The 1967 Six-Day War.