History Quest #1: Civil Rights Movement: Sections 1,2,3

what happened July 1948

President Truman made an executive order ending segregation and the US Armed Forces

who broke the color barrier (in baseball)

Jackie Robinson

other African American athletes

• Hank Aaron

•  Kenny Washington

•  Earl Lloyd

•  Willie O’Ree

Jim Crow laws:

enforced racially motivated practices in the South starting around 1877.  made African Americans subservient to white Americans

what did Emmett Till do

14 years old Northern black boy,  whistles to a white woman in Mississippi to gain breaking rights with his friends

emmett till story summary

• whistled at white women

• her husband and his brother in law kidnapped emmett from his uncles (mose wright)

• went to court

• all white jury said husband and brother in law were innocent

• they later admit to the crime

brown v board of education summary

• charles gathers black lawyers to fight illegal battles

• Linda wanted to go to school (white) closer to her house

• supreme court says schools (9-0 vote) segregated are unequal

• may 17, 1954

important people in brown v education

• charles H Houston- organizer

• thurgood marshall- black lawyer

• Linda Brown- girl who wants to go to school

what happened on may 17, 1954

the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th Amendment which states that all citizens deserve equal protection under the law

Southern Manifesto

Signed by Southern Congressman (storm thurmond) the document called Brown a “ clear abuse of judicial powers”  and yet another example of State Powers Falling by the wayside to federal government

what happens on December 1st, 1955

Rosa Parks chose to defy a law requiring blacks to sit in the back of the bus

rosa parks summary

• refused to move on bus

• she got arrested

• organized group boycotts the bus company

• king encouraged this nonviolent disobedience

• his house was bombed

• king was arrested

• boycott for year

• segregation on buses is illegal in 1956

what was king and abernathy’s organization

the Montgomery improvement association

what percent of African Americans stopped riding the bus during the boycott

99%

little rock summary

• none black students try to go to an all white school in arkansas

• governor uses states national guard to prevent them

• 101 airborne go to school to guard the children

• Eisenhower federalizes the Arkansas national guard and removes them from the school

• 1958 governor closes the schools

• 1959 the schools were reopened and integration began again

what happened september 25th, 1957

 President Eisenhower ordered the 100 first Airborne Division to Little Rock

what governor was involved in the little rock nine

governor Orval Faubus