409: exm 2 Lymph, Head and Neck etc

Brawny

firm, brown swollen tissue

• severe

indurated/ induration

hardened/ thickened area of tissue(broader term)

Shotty

description of nodes, small multiple nodes that feel like BBs under the skin

Lymph

clear, sometimes milky-colored/ yellow-tinged fluid

• Contains WBC,mostly lymphocytes, and sometimes RBCs

Lymphadenopathy

enlarged lymph nodes; widespread involving several lymph node regions, indicates systemic disease or disorder

• 1 of 3 physical signs for disorders for lymph system

• Other 2 are lymphedema and lymphangitis!

Lymphedema

edematous swelling due to excess accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues cause by inadequate lymphatic drainage

Lymphangitis

red streaks on overlying skin

Lymphoma

type of blood cancer that begins in lymphatic system

lymph node dissection(lymphadenectomy)

surgical removal of lymph nodes to check for and remove cancer

Matting

or matted lymph nodes are those that cross boundaries between posterior and anterior cervical triangles

anterior triangle

region of neck bordered by mandible, sternocleidomastoid muscle and midline body

cricoid cartilage

uppermost ring of tracheal cartilage

posterior triangle

has major nerves like spinal accessory nerve, brachial plexus, 3rd part of subclavian artery and external jugular vein

sternocleidomastoid muscle

extends from upper sternum and medial third of clavicle to mastoid process

Mastoid process

nipple-shapped projection of temporal bone located behind the ear that that serves as attachment points for several neck muscles

spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve #11)

supplies to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle

Cheilitis

dry, cracked lips

Crepitus

crackling sensation

facial nerve (cranial nerve #7)

controls facial muscles, responsible for facial expression

• other is CNV

trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve 5)

1 nerve to innervate facial muscles

• Other nerve is CNVII

nasolabial fold

smile/laugh lines, creases that extend from sides of nose to corners of mouth

omohyoid muscle

thin,paired strap-like muscle in neck with inferior and superior belly connected by central tendon

Can be mistaken for a mass

temporal artery

blood vessel at temple of the head

temporomandibular joint(TMJ)

synovial joint where lower jaw(mandible) meets skull (temporal bone)

thyroid gland

butterfly shaped endocrine gland located in front of neck, below Adams apple, protected by thyroid cartilage

Involves inspection, palpation, occasionally auscultation

Palpate for size, shape, configuration, consistency, tenderness and nodules

thyroid cartilage

shield-shaped cartilage of larynx sits above gland and protects vocal cords!

trapezius muscle

extends from scapula(lateral 3rd of clavicle) an vertebrae to occipital prominence

One of the muscles neck is formed by it

aphthous ulcer

Aka canker sore

small, painful, recurrent ulcers that develop on mucous membranes of the mouth

On buccal mucous appear as white, round or oval ulcerative lesions with red halo

buccal= inner cheek

Leukoplakia

premalignant oral lesion

a thickened white patch lesion that cannot be wiped away may be this

• Most commonly seen in those smoking or chewing tobacco

gingival hyperplasia

gums become enlarged and overgrown

Gingivitis

inflammation of gums

Bruit

abnormal sound, whoosing/blowing noise

Candidiasis

fungal infection, creamy white plaques on oral mucosa that bleed when scraped

Candida

the yeast-like fungi

Caries

dental cavities, bacteria infection that damages teeth

Cerumen

waxy substance secreted by apocrine glands in distal 3rd of canal

• In external auditory canal

deviated septum

asymmetric size of posterior nasal cavities

Epitaxis

nose bleed

Exotosis

benign (non-cancerous) bony growth that protrudes from surface of a bone

Frenulum

connective tissue that joins tongue to floor mouth

Malocclusion

difficulty chewing, tooth extractions, previous orthodontic work

• May be caused by migration of remaining teeth after extractions

Polyp

small non-cancerous growths that can develop on lining of various body organs

• A rounded, elongated mass projecting into nasal cavity from boggy mucosa may be this

Rhinitis

inflammation of nasal mucous membrane/upper respiratory infection- bilateral mucoid or purulent discharge

Stenson’s duct:

parotid duct carries saliva from parotid gland to mouth

Wharton’s duct:

aka submandibular duct, main duct of submandibular salivary gland that carries saliva to floor of mouth